The distance the vehicles traveled 4.9 seconds after the collision is 113.59 meters.
Let's first find the total momentum of the vehicles before the collision. We can do this by adding the momentum of each vehicle
Momentum = Mass * Velocity
For the first vehicle:
Momentum = 3500 kg * 25.0 m/s = 87500 kg m/s
For the second vehicle:
Momentum = 2000 kg * 20.0 m/s = 40000 kg m/s
The total momentum of the vehicles before the collision is 127500 kg m/s.
After the collision, the two vehicles become tangled together and move as one object. We can use the law of conservation of momentum to find the velocity of the two vehicles after the collision.
Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision
127500 kg m/s = (3500 kg + 2000 kg) * v
v = 127500 kg m/s / 5500 kg
v = 23 m/s
The two vehicles move at a velocity of 23 m/s after the collision. We can now find the distance the vehicles travel in 4.9 seconds by using the following equation:
Distance = Speed * Time
Distance = 23 m/s * 4.9 s = 113.59 m
Therefore, the distance the vehicles traveled 4.9 seconds after the collision is 113.59 meters.
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Two identical conducting spheres are placed with their centers 0.34 m apart. One is given a charge of +1.1 x 10-8 C and the other a charge of -1.4 x 10-8 C. Find the magnitude of the electric force exerted by one sphere on the other. The value of the Coulomb constant is 8.98755 x 109 Nm²/C². Answer in units of N. Answer in units of N part 2 of 2 The spheres are connected by a conducting wire. After equilibrium has occurred, find the electric force between them. Answer in units of N. Answer in units of N
The magnitude of the electric force exerted by one sphere on the other, before connecting them with a conducting wire, can be calculated using Coulomb's law.
The electric force between two charges is given by the equation: F = (k * |q1 * q2|) / r², where F is the force, k is the Coulomb constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.
Plugging in the values given:
F = (8.98755 x 10^9 Nm²/C²) * |(1.1 x 10^-8 C) * (-1.4 x 10^-8 C)| / (0.34 m)²
Calculating the expression yields:
F ≈ 1.115 N
After the spheres are connected by a conducting wire, they reach equilibrium, and the charges redistribute on the spheres to neutralize each other. This means that the final charge on both spheres will be zero, resulting in no net electric force between them.
Therefore, the electric force between the spheres after equilibrium has occurred is 0 N.
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A woman stands a distance d from a loud motor that emits sound uniformly in all directions. The sound intensity at her position is an uncomfortable 4.7×10-3 W/m2. At a distance 2.0 times as far from the motor, what are (a) the sound intensity and (b) the sound intensity level relative to the threshold of hearing?
1. The sound intensity at a distance 2.0 times as far from the motor is 1.18 × 10-3 W/m2.
2. The sound intensity level relative to the threshold of hearing is (a) 1.18 × 10-3 W/m2 and (b) 90.7 dB.
(a) The sound intensity, I1, at the position of a woman is 4.7 × 10-3 W/m2. At a distance of 2d from the motor, the new sound intensity, I2, can be calculated as:I1/I2 = (r2/r1)²Where I1 is the initial sound intensity at position r1, I2 is the new sound intensity at position r2, r1 is the initial position, and r2 is the new position.Putting the given values in the above formula, we get:
I1/I2 = (r2/r1)²
I1/ I2 = (2d/d)²
I1/ I2 = 4I2 = I1/4 = 4.7 × 10-3 W/m2 / 4= 1.18 × 10-3 W/m2
Therefore, the sound intensity at a distance 2.0 times as far from the motor is 1.18 × 10-3 W/m2.
(b) The sound intensity level relative to the threshold of hearing is given by the formula:
L = 10log10(I/I₀) Where L is the sound intensity level in decibels (dB), I is the sound intensity, and I₀ is the threshold of hearing.
Let's find out the threshold of hearing first, which is I₀ = 1 × 10-12 W/m2. Putting the given values in the formula, we get:
L1 = 10log10(I1/I₀)
L1 = 10log10(4.7 × 10-3 W/m2/ 1 × 10-12 W/m2)
L1 = 10log10(4.7 × 109)
L1 = 97.7 dB
The sound intensity level at a distance d from the motor is 97.7 dB. Sound intensity level at a distance of 2d from the motor can be calculated using the formula:
L2 = 10log10(I2/I₀)
Putting the values of I2 and I₀ in the above formula, we get:
L2 = 10log10(1.18 × 10-3 W/m2 / 1 × 10-12 W/m2)
L2 = 10log10(1.18 × 109)
L2 = 90.7 dB
Therefore, the sound intensity level relative to the threshold of hearing is (a) 1.18 × 10-3 W/m2 and (b) 90.7 dB.
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If the bus's velocity at time t1 = 1.20 s is 5.05 m/s, what is its velocity at time t2 = 2.20 s?
To determine the velocity of the bus at time t2 = 2.20 we need to find the change in velocity from time t1 = 1.20 s to t2. The change in velocity is given by the formula: Change in velocity = final velocity - initial velocity
Given that the initial velocity at t1 is 5.05 m/s, we can substitute this value into the formula:
Change in velocity = final velocity - 5.05 m/s
Since no additional information is provided, we cannot determine the exact final velocity at t2 = 2.20 s. We can only find the change in velocity.
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7) High-amplitude light waves produce high-amplitude sound waves produce
colors, whereas
sounds.
a) bright; louder b) dim; softer
c) bright; softer
d) dim; louder
8) The point on the retina that contains only cones and is responsible for our sharpest vision is called the
a) focal spot
b) vitreous humor c) fovea
d) optic disc
9) Rods are most sensitive and less sensitive
a) to color wavelengths; in dim light
b) in dim light; to low-amplitude light waves c) in dim light; to color wavelengths
d) to color wavelengths; to high-amplitude light waves
10) Myopia (or nearsightedness) results from images focused
a) on the fovea
b) in front of the retina
c) behind the retina d) on the rods
11) The blind spot is
a) the part of the retina that is clogged with receptors b) the area where the optic nerve exit the eye
c) related to how large the pupil in any given moment a when you look away at a white background. aware of those deficits.
d) due to damage to the eye and not something everyone has
12) The color aftereffects phenomenon predicts that, after staring at a bright red rectangle for a period of time, you will see
a) yellow rectangle b) white circle
c) green rectangle d) blue square
13) Which of the following statements is true regarding color-
limited vision?
a) The vast majority of people can see well over 40 million b) Most people with limitations in their color vision are not
different colors.
c) Color blindness is an appropriate term, as most deficits of color perception involve a complete inability to see a given hue. d) To be "color blind" means that one can only see in shades of black, white, and gray.
14) Which theory of pitch perception "solves" the problem of frequency theory's inability to account for high pitched sound
perception?
a) the opponent-process principle ) the trichromatic theory
b c) the place theory
d) the volley prin
The place theory of pitch perception "solves" the problem of frequency theory's inability to account for high pitched sound perception. the correct option is (c) the place theory.
7. High-amplitude light waves produce bright colors, whereas high-amplitude sound waves produce louder sounds.
Therefore, the correct option is (a) bright; louder.8. The point on the retina that contains only cones and is responsible for our sharpest vision is called the fovea.
Therefore, the correct option is (c) fovea.9. Rods are most sensitive to low-amplitude light waves and are less sensitive in dim light.
Therefore, the correct option is (b) in dim light; to low-amplitude light waves.10.
Myopia (or nearsightedness) results from images focused in front of the retina. Therefore, the correct option is (b) in front of the retina.11. The blind spot is the area where the optic nerve exits the eye.
Therefore, the correct option is (b) the area where the optic nerve exits the eye.12.
The color aftereffects phenomenon predicts that, after staring at a bright red rectangle for a period of time, you will see a green rectangle.
Therefore, the correct option is (c) green rectangle.13.
Most people with limitations in their color vision are not color blind, as the vast majority of people can see well over 40 million different colors. Therefore, the correct option is (b) Most people with limitations in their color vision are not color blind.14. The place theory of pitch perception "solves" the problem of frequency theory's inability to account for high pitched sound perception.
Therefore, the correct option is (c) the place theory.
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A 60 kg skler goes down a 20 m high hill, starting from rest. a) (2 pts) The skier assumes that all the forces acting on them are conservative forces. Is this a reasonable assumption? b) (6 pts) When they are at a height of 8 m, they notice their speed is 12 m/s. Was their assumption from part a) correct? Use physics (numbers) to support your answer.
a) The assumption that all the forces acting on the skier are conservative forces is not reasonable. There are non-conservative forces, such as friction and air resistance, that act on the skier during their descent down the hill.
b) The assumption made by the skier in part a) was not correct. The skier's speed of 12 m/s at a height of 8 m indicates that non-conservative forces, particularly air resistance, have influenced the skier's motion.
a) The assumption that all forces acting on the skier are conservative forces is not reasonable because there are non-conservative forces present. Conservative forces are path-independent, meaning the work done by or against them depends only on the initial and final positions, not the path taken. In this scenario, non-conservative forces like friction and air resistance are present, which depend on the specific path taken by the skier. These forces dissipate the skier's mechanical energy, leading to a loss in total energy during the descent.
b) The skier's speed of 12 m/s at a height of 8 m indicates that non-conservative forces, particularly air resistance, have affected the skier's motion. If the assumption of only conservative forces were correct, the skier's speed would solely be determined by the conservation of mechanical energy, which relates the initial potential energy (mgh) to the final kinetic energy (0.5mv^2).
However, the presence of air resistance, a non-conservative force that dissipates energy, results in the skier losing some of their initial potential energy as they descend. Consequently, the skier's actual speed is lower than what would be expected based solely on the conservation of mechanical energy, indicating the influence of non-conservative forces.
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A mass my of steam at 100 °C is added to mass my of ice and mass M of water, both at 0 °C, in a cor negligible heat capacity. The specific heat of water is c. The latent heat of vaporization of water is Li
of the fusion of ice is L2. Which one of the following equations would give the value of T, the final temperature of the system
that all the steam condenses, all the ice melts, and that there are no heat exchanges with the surrou
AO miLi + micT = mL2 + mecT + MCT
BO miLi + mic 100 - T) = m2L2 + m2cT + McT
C• mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + McT
DO miLi +mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + McT
EO miLy + m,c(100 - T) = m2L2 + mocT
The equation that would give the value of T, the final temperature of the system, is option B: miLi + mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + m2cT + McT.
The equation that represents the conservation of energy in this system is based on the principle that the total heat gained by the ice, water,
and steam is equal to the total heat lost by the steam. Here's how the equation is derived:
The heat gained by the ice is given by the mass of ice (mi) multiplied by the latent heat of fusion (L2).
The heat gained by the water is given by the mass of water (M)
multiplied by the specific heat of water (c) multiplied by the change in temperature (T - 0).
Next, let's consider the heat lost by the steam:
The heat lost by the steam is given by the mass of steam (m2) multiplied by the latent heat of vaporization (Li).
Additionally, the heat lost by the steam is also given by the mass of steam (m2) multiplied by the specific heat of steam (c) multiplied by the change in temperature (100 - T).
Putting it all together, the equation becomes:
miLi + mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + m2cT + McT.
Therefore, the correct equation is option B: miLi + mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + m2cT + McT.
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A mass my of steam at 100 °C is added to mass my of ice and mass M of water, both at 0 °C, in a cor negligible heat capacity. The specific heat of water is c. The latent heat of vaporization of water is Liof the fusion of ice is L2. Which one of the following equations would give the value of T, the final temperature of the system
that all the steam condenses, all the ice melts, and that there are no heat exchanges with the surroundings
AO miLi + micT = mL2 + mecT + MCT
BO miLi + mic 100 - T) = m2L2 + m2cT + McT
C• mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + McT
DO miLi +mic(100 - T) = m2L2 + McT
EO miLy + m,c(100 - T) = m2L2 + mocT
1.1. Calculate the vapour pressure of normal decane at 355 K, using: (a) the Cox chart, (b) the Lee-Kesler equation, (c) a linear relation between the logarithm of vapour pressure and inverse of temperature connecting the normal boiling point and the critical point. 1.2. Plot the vapour pressure vs. temperature for the following compounds on the reduced scales of (P/Pc) and (T/Tc): methane, normal hexane, benzene, normal decane, and eicosane. Suggest a physical property, such as the acentric factor, or critical compressibility factor, as the third parameter in a three-parameter corresponding state model for the vapour pressure
The tasks involve calculating the vapor pressure of normal decane using different methods and plotting the vapor pressure versus temperature for several compounds on reduced scales, along with suggesting a third parameter for a corresponding state model.
What are the tasks described in the paragraph related to vapor pressure calculations and plotting?The paragraph describes two tasks related to calculating and plotting vapor pressure for different compounds.
1.1. The first task involves calculating the vapor pressure of normal decane at 355 K using three different methods:
(a) The Cox chart: The Cox chart provides vapor pressure values based on temperature and molecular weight.
(b) The Lee-Kesler equation: The Lee-Kesler equation is an empirical correlation that estimates vapor pressure based on temperature and critical properties of the compound.
(c) A linear relation: A linear relationship between the logarithm of vapor pressure and the inverse of temperature is established using the normal boiling point and the critical point of the substance.
1.2. The second task is to plot the vapor pressure versus temperature on reduced scales of (P/Pc) and (T/Tc) for methane, normal hexane, benzene, normal decane, and eicosane. Reduced scales allow for the comparison of vapor pressure behavior across different compounds by scaling the pressure and temperature with their respective critical point values.
Additionally, a suggestion is made to include a third parameter, such as the acentric factor or critical compressibility factor, in a three-parameter corresponding state model to better correlate the vapor pressure data.
These tasks aim to explore different methods of calculating vapor pressure and visualize the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for various compounds while considering additional parameters in a corresponding state model.
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A very long, rectangular loop of wire can slide without friction on a horizontal surface. Initially the loop has part of its area in a region of uniform magnetic field that has magnitude B=3.30 T and is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The loop has dimensions 4.00 cm by 60.0 cm, mass 24.0 g, and resistance R = 8.00x10-3 12. The loop is initially at rest; then a constant force Fext = 0.180 N is applied to the loop to pull it out of the field (Figure 1). Figure 1 of 1 4.00 cm 600 What is the acceleration of the loop when u = 3.00 cm/s? Express your answer with the appropriate units. D μΑ ? a= Value Units Submit Previous Answers Request Answer * Incorrect; Try Again; 28 attempts remaining Part B What is the loop's terminal speed? Express your answer with the appropriate units. HA ? v= Value Units Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again; 29 attempts remaining v Part What is the loop's acceleration when the loop is moving at the terminal speed? Express your answer with the appropriate units. НА ? a= Value Units Submit Request Answer Part D What is the acceleration of the loop when it is completely out of the magnetic field? Express your answer with the appropriate units. HA ? a = Value Units Submit Request Answer
The loop has dimensions 4.00 cm by 60.0 cm, mass 24.0 g, and resistance R = 8.00x10^-3 Ω.
Part A:
Initially, the loop is at rest, and a constant force Fext = 0.180 N is applied to the loop to pull it out of the field. The magnetic force Fm on the loop is given by:
Fm = ∫ (I × B) ds,
where I is the current, B is the magnetic field, and ds is the length element. The loop moves with a velocity u, and there is no contribution of the magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
The external force Fext causes a current I to flow through the loop.
I = Fext/R
Here, R is the resistance of the loop.
Now, the magnetic force Fm will oppose the external force Fext. Hence, the net force is:
Fnet = Fext - Fm = Fext - (I × B × w),
where w is the width of the loop.
Substituting the value of I in the above equation:
Fnet = Fext - (Fext/R × B × w)
Fnet = Fext [1 - (w/R) × B] = 0.180 [1 - (0.06/8.00x10^-3) × 3.30] = 0.0981 N
Neglecting friction, the net force will produce acceleration a in the direction of the force. Hence:
Fnet = ma
0.0981 = 0.024 [a]
a = 4.10 m/s^2
Part B:
The terminal speed vt of the loop is given by:
vt = Fnet/μ
Where, μ is the coefficient of kinetic friction.
The loop is in the region of the uniform magnetic field. Hence, no friction force acts on the loop. Hence, the terminal speed of the loop will be infinite.
Part C:
When the loop is moving at the terminal speed, the net force on the loop is zero. Hence, the acceleration of the loop is zero.
Part D:
When the loop is completely out of the magnetic field, there is no magnetic force acting on the loop. Hence, the force acting on the loop is:
Fnet = Fext
The acceleration of the loop is given by:
Fnet = ma
0.180 = 0.024 [a]
a = 7.50 m/s^2
Hence, the acceleration of the loop when u = 3.00 cm/s is 4.10 m/s^2. The loop's terminal speed is infinite. The acceleration of the loop when the loop is moving at the terminal speed is zero. The acceleration of the loop when it is completely out of the magnetic field is 7.50 m/s^2.
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A beam of light strikes the surface of glass (n = 1.46) at an angle of 70° with respect to the normal. Find the angle of refraction inside the glass. Take the index of refraction of air n1 = 1.
The angle of refraction inside the glass is 48.6°. The angle of refraction inside the glass can be found using Snell's law.
The angle of refraction inside the glass can be found using Snell's law, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media.
In this case, the angle of incidence is 70°, the refractive index of air is 1, and the refractive index of glass is 1.46.
So, the angle of refraction can be found using the following equation:
sin(θ_i) / sin(θ_r) = n_1 / n_2
where:
θ_i is the angle of incidence
θ_r is the angle of refraction
n_1 is the refractive index of the first medium (air)
n_2 is the refractive index of the second medium (glass)
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
sin(70°) / sin(θ_r) = 1 / 1.46
Solving for θ_r, we get:
θ_r = sin^-1(1.46 * sin(70°))
θ_r = 48.6°
Therefore, the angle of refraction inside the glass is 48.6°.
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The actual light sensor size of a digital camera is 15.2 mm×23.4 mm. You want to take a photo of your friend, who is 1.8 m tall. Your camera has a 65 mm focal length lens. How far from the camera should your friend stand in order to produce a 43 mm tall image on the light sensor?
Your friend should stand approximately 1.565 meters (or 1565 mm) away from the camera to produce a 43 mm tall image on the light sensor. This answer is obtained by rounding off the decimal to three significant figures
To calculate the distance your friend should stand in order to produce a 43 mm tall image on the light sensor, the following formula can be used: Image Height/Object Height = Distance/ Focal Length
The image height is given as 43 mm, the object height is 1.8 m, the focal length is 65 mm. Substituting these values in the formula, we get
:43/1800 = Distance/65Cross multiplying,65 x 43 = Distance x 1800
Therefore,Distance = (65 x 43)/1800 = 1.565
Therefore, your friend should stand approximately 1.565 meters (or 1565 mm) away from the camera to produce a 43 mm tall image on the light sensor. This answer is obtained by rounding off the decimal to three significant figures
.Note: The given light sensor size of the digital camera (15.2 mm × 23.4 mm) is not relevant to the calculation of the distance your friend should stand from the camera.
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13-1 Calculate the power delivered to the resistor R= 2.3 2 in the figure. 4 pts 2.00 w 50 V 1.0ΩΣ 20 V 4.00 W(+5W). to
When the voltage across the resistor is constant, increasing the resistance decreases the power delivered to the resistor.
To calculate the power delivered to the resistor R= 2.3 2 in the figure, use the following equation:
P = V^2 / RP
= (20 V)^2 / 1 ΩP
= 400 W
Thus, the power delivered to the resistor R= 2.3 2 in the figure is 400 W. The power is defined as the rate of energy consumption per unit of time, and it is denoted by P. When a potential difference (V) is applied across a resistance (R), electric current (I) flows, and the rate at which work is done in the circuit is referred to as power.
Power is also the product of voltage (V) and current (I), which can be expressed as P = VI. In electrical engineering, power is defined as the rate of energy transfer per unit time. Power is a scalar quantity and is represented by the letter P. The watt (W) is the unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), which is equivalent to one joule of energy per second.
A circuit's power dissipation can be calculated using Ohm's law, which states that P = IV.
Where P is the power in watts, I is the current in amperes, and V is the voltage in volts. The power dissipated by a resistor is proportional to the square of the current flowing through it, according to Joule's law. It's also proportional to the square of the voltage across the resistor.
P = I^2R = V^2/R,
where P is the power, I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance. When the voltage applied across the resistance is constant, the current through the resistance is inversely proportional to its resistance.
The potential difference across the resistor and the current passing through it can be used to calculate the power delivered to the resistor. Power is proportional to the voltage squared and inversely proportional to the resistance.
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A parallel-plate capacitor is made of 2 square parallel conductive plates, each with an area of 2.5 × 10-3 m? and have a distance of 1.00 × 10 m between the 2 plates. A paper dielectric (k = 2.7)
with the same area is between these 2 plates. (E = 8.85 × 10-12 F/m)
What is the capacitance of this parallel-plate capacitor?
Therefore, the capacitance of the parallel-plate capacitor is 5.94 × 10^-11 F
Capacitance (C) is given by the formula:
Where ε is the permittivity of the dielectric, A is the area of the plates, and d is the distance between the plates.
The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor with a dielectric is calculated by the following formula:
[tex]$$C = \frac{_0}{}$$[/tex]
Where ε0 is the permittivity of free space, k is the dielectric constant, A is the area of the plates, and d is the distance between the plates.
By substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]$$C = \frac{(8.85 × 10^{-12})(2.7)(2.5 × 10^{-3})}{1.00 × 10^{-3}}[/tex]
=[tex]\boxed{5.94 × 10^{-11} F}$$[/tex]
Therefore, the capacitance of the parallel-plate capacitor is
5.94 × 10^-11 F
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What are the sign and magnitude of a point charge that produces an electric potential of 278 V at a distance of 4.23 mm? Express your answer in nanocoulombs.
The magnitude of the point charge is approximately 131 nanocoulombs (nC). The sign of the charge is not provided in the problem, so we assume it to be positive.
To determine the sign and magnitude of a point charge that produces an electric potential of 278 V at a distance of 4.23 mm, we can use the formula for electric potential:
V = k * q / r
Where:
V is the electric potential,k is the Coulomb's constant (k = 8.99 × 10^9 N m^2/C^2),q is the charge, andr is the distance.Rearranging the formula to solve for q:
q = V * r / k
Substituting the given values:
q = (278 V) * (4.23 × 10^(-3) m) / (8.99 × 10^9 N m^2/C^2)
Evaluating this expression:
q ≈ 1.31 × 10^(-7) C
To express the answer in nanocoulombs (nC), we need to convert the charge from coulombs to nanocoulombs:
1 C = 10^9 nC
Therefore,
q ≈ 1.31 × 10^(-7) C * (10^9 nC / 1 C)
q ≈ 1.31 × 10^2 nC
So, the magnitude of the point charge is approximately 131 nanocoulombs. Since the problem doesn't provide information about the sign, we can assume it to be positive.
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A flat coil of wire consisting of 24 turns, each with an area of 44 cm2, is placed perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field that increases in magnitude at a constant rate of 2.0 T to 6.0 T in 2.0 s. If the coil has a total resistance of 0.84 ohm, what is the magnitude of the induced current (A)? Give your answer to two decimal places.
The magnitude of the induced current is 0.47 A.
When a coil of wire is placed perpendicular to a changing magnetic field, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the coil, which in turn creates an induced current. The magnitude of the induced current can be determined using Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
In this case, the coil has 24 turns, and each turn has an area of 44 cm². The changing magnetic field has a constant rate of increase from 2.0 T to 6.0 T over a period of 2.0 seconds. The total resistance of the coil is 0.84 ohm.
To calculate the magnitude of the induced current, we can use the formula:
EMF = -N * d(BA)/dt
Where:
EMF is the electromotive force
N is the number of turns in the coil
d(BA)/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux
The magnetic flux (BA) through each turn of the coil is given by:
BA = B * A
Where:
B is the magnetic field
A is the area of each turn
Substituting the given values into the formulas, we have:
EMF = -N * d(BA)/dt = -N * (B2 - B1)/dt = -24 * (6.0 T - 2.0 T)/2.0 s = -48 V
Since the total resistance of the coil is 0.84 ohm, we can use Ohm's law to calculate the magnitude of the induced current:
EMF = I * R
Where:
I is the magnitude of the induced current
R is the total resistance of the coil
Substituting the values into the formula, we have:
-48 V = I * 0.84 ohm
Solving for I, we get:
I = -48 V / 0.84 ohm ≈ 0.47 A
Therefore, the magnitude of the induced current is approximately 0.47 A.
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X Find the velocity (in m/s) of a proton that has a momentum of 3.78 x 10-19 kg. m/s. m/s
The velocity of a proton with a momentum of 3.78 x 10^-19 kg·m/s is approximately X m/s.
To find the velocity of the proton, we can use the equation for momentum:
Momentum (p) = mass (m) × velocity (v)
Given the momentum of the proton as 3.78 x 10^-19 kg·m/s, we can rearrange the equation to solve for velocity:
v = p / m
The mass of a proton is approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg. Substituting the values into the equation, we have:
v = (3.78 x 10^-19 kg·m/s) / (1.67 x 10^-27 kg)
By dividing the momentum by the mass, we can calculate the velocity of the proton:
v ≈ 2.26 x 10^8 m/s
Therefore, the velocity of the proton with a momentum of 3.78 x 10^-19 kg·m/s is approximately 2.26 x 10^8 m/s.
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Name three types of energy that exist in a large piece of charcoal on a grill in the sunlight. Explain why the charcoal has each type of energy.
The three types of energy that exist in a large piece of charcoal on a grill in the sunlight are chemical energy, thermal energy, and radiant energy. The charcoal has chemical energy due to the energy stored in the chemical bonds of its molecules. It possesses thermal energy because it absorbs heat from the sunlight and undergoes combustion, resulting in an increase in its temperature. Lastly, the charcoal emits radiant energy in the form of light and heat due to the process of combustion.
1. Chemical Energy: The charcoal has chemical energy stored within it. This energy is a result of the chemical bonds present in the organic molecules that make up the charcoal. During the process of photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy through the synthesis of organic compounds, such as cellulose. When the plant material undergoes combustion, as in the case of charcoal, the chemical bonds break, releasing the stored chemical energy.
2. Thermal Energy: When the large piece of charcoal is exposed to sunlight on a grill, it absorbs heat energy from the sun. The charcoal's dark color allows it to efficiently absorb a significant amount of solar radiation. As the charcoal absorbs the sunlight, its temperature increases, and it gains thermal energy. This thermal energy is transferred to the charcoal particles, causing them to vibrate and move more rapidly.
3. Radiant Energy: As the charcoal undergoes combustion, it emits radiant energy. Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs when the charcoal reacts with oxygen in the air, producing heat and light. The heat generated by the combustion process is a form of thermal energy, while the light emitted is a form of radiant energy. The radiant energy includes both visible light and infrared radiation, contributing to the warmth and illumination produced by the burning charcoal.
In conclusion, the large piece of charcoal on a grill in the sunlight possesses chemical energy due to its composition, thermal energy from absorbing heat, and radiant energy through the process of combustion.
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Question 4 (20 Points) One proposes to measure the velocity v of a bullet via shutting it into a ballistic pendulum. The bullet's mass m is 10 g. The mass M of the piece of wood it is shut into, is 10 kg. The velocity V of the system composed of Wood + Bullet, swinging backward right after the bullet hits the piece of wood, is V; the system, through the process of swinging, is highered as much as h=5 cm. a) (10 p) Apply the momentum and energy conservation laws, and determine the intial velocity v of the bullet; take g as 10m/s². b) (10 p) Why the following equation is erromeous: (M+m)gh=(1/2)mv². Explain.
By applying momentum and energy conservation, the initial velocity of the bullet is (m * V + M * V') / m. The erroneous equation neglects the rebound of the bullet and the velocity imparted to the wood.
a) To determine the initial velocity (v) of the bullet, we can apply the principles of momentum and energy conservation.
According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision. The momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity.
Before the collision:
The momentum of the bullet: m * v (since the mass of the bullet is m)
The momentum of the wood: 0 (since it is initially at rest)
After the collision:
The momentum of the bullet: m * (-V) (since it moves in the opposite direction with velocity -V)
The momentum of the wood: M * (-V') (since it moves in the opposite direction with velocity -V')
Using the conservation of momentum, we can equate the total momentum before and after the collision:
m * v + 0 = m * (-V) + M * (-V')
Simplifying the equation:
v = (m * V + M * V') / m
Now, let's apply the principle of conservation of energy. The initial kinetic energy of the system is converted into potential energy when the system swings upward by a height (h).
The initial kinetic energy of the system is given by:
(1/2) * (m + M) * V^2
The potential energy gained by the system is given by:
(m + M) * g * h
According to the conservation of energy, these two energies are equal:
(1/2) * (m + M) * V^2 = (m + M) * g * h
Now we can substitute the given values:
m = 10 g = 0.01 kg
M = 10 kg
h = 5 cm = 0.05 m
g = 10 m/s^2
Substituting the values into the equation, we can solve for V:
(1/2) * (0.01 + 10) * V^2 = (0.01 + 10) * 10 * 0.05
Simplifying the equation:
0.505 * V^2 = 5.05
V^2 = 10
Taking the square root of both sides:
V = √10
Therefore, the initial velocity of the bullet (v) is given by:
v = (m * V + M * V') / m
b) The equation (M+m)gh = (1/2)mv^2 is erroneous because it assumes that the bullet remains embedded in the wood after the collision and does not take into account the velocity (V') of the wood. In reality, the bullet rebounds from the wood and imparts a velocity (V') to the wood in the opposite direction. Therefore, the correct equation must consider both the velocities of the bullet and the wood to account for the conservation of momentum and energy in the system.
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1) What is the energy transformed in a 10.0 Ohm resistor when 100.0 V DC is applied for 5.00-minutes. 2) A 12.0 V DC supply is connected to two resistors in series. The first is 0.400 ks and the second is 0.800 kg. What is the current through and the potential difference across each resistor? 3) An 18.0 V source is connected to three resistors in parallel. These are 3.00 £2, 6.00 2 and 9.00 22 what are the currents through each resistor and the power converted in each resistor? Show that the sum of these currents is equal to the current through a single equivalent resistor of 1.64 22 (to 3 s.f.) connected to an 18.0 V source. What is the power converted in this resistor? 4) An AC current with amplitude 2.00 A flows through a 10 Ohm resistor. What is the average power transformed in the resistor?
The average power transformed in the 10 Ω resistor is 20 W.
1. The energy transformed in a 10.0 Ohm resistor when 100.0 V DC is applied for 5.00-minutes is 30,000 J.
2. The current through the first resistor is 30 A and the potential difference across it is 12 V.
The current through the second resistor is 15 A and the potential difference across it is 12 V.
3. The current through the 3.00 Ω resistor is 6 A, the current through the 6.00 Ω resistor is 3 A, and the current through the 9.00 Ω resistor is 2 A.
The power converted in the 3.00 Ω resistor is 108 W, the power converted in the 6.00 Ω resistor is 54 W, and the power converted in the 9.00 Ω resistor is 32 W.
The sum of these currents is 11 A, which is equal to the current through a single equivalent resistor of 1.64 Ω (to 3 s.f.) connected to an 18.0 V source.
The power converted in this resistor is 356 W.4.
The average power transformed in the 10 Ω resistor is 20 W.
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Two point charges Q1 and Qz are 1.70 m apart, and their total charge is 17.0 PC. If the force of repulsion between them is 0.210 N, what are magnitudes of the two charges?
If one charge attracts the other with a force of 0.0941N, what are the magnitudes of the two charges if their total charge is also 17.0 PC? The charges are at a distance of 1.70 m apart.
The magnitudes of the charges for the case of repulsion are 12.3 C and 4.7 C (or vice versa).
The magnitudes of the charges for the case of attraction are 16.9 C and 0.099 C (or vice versa).
First, let's solve the problem for the case where the two charges repel each other.
Distance between the charges, r = 1.70 m
Total charge of the system, Q_total = 17.0 PC
Force of repulsion, F = 0.210 N
Using Coulomb's Law, the force of repulsion between two point charges is given by:
F = k * (Q1 * Q2) / r^2,
where k is the electrostatic constant (k = 8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2).
Now we can solve for the magnitudes of the two charges, Q1 and Q2.
From the problem, we know that Q_total = Q1 + Q2. Substituting this into the equation, we get:
F = k * (Q_total - Q1) * Q1 / r^2.
Plugging in the given values, we have:
0.210 N = (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2) * (17.0 PC - Q1) * Q1 / (1.70 m)^2.
Simplifying and rearranging the equation, we obtain:
Q1^2 - (17.0 PC) * Q1 + (0.210 N * (1.70 m)^2) / (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2) = 0.
This is a quadratic equation in terms of Q1. Solving this equation will give us the magnitudes of the charges.
Using the quadratic formula, we find:
Q1 = [-(17.0 PC) ± √((17.0 PC)^2 - 4 * (0.210 N * (1.70 m)^2) / (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2))] / 2.
Calculating the values inside the square root and solving the equation, we get:
Q1 = 12.3 C or 4.7 C.
]Since Q1 and Q2 are the magnitudes of the two charges, the magnitudes of the charges are 12.3 C and 4.7 C (or vice versa).
Now, let's solve the problem for the case where one charge attracts the other.
Distance between the charges, r = 1.70 m
Total charge of the system, Q_total = 17.0 PC
Force of attraction, F = 0.0941 N
Using Coulomb's Law, the force of attraction between two point charges is given by:
F = k * (Q1 * Q2) / r^2.
Following a similar approach as before, we can use the equation:
Q1^2 - (17.0 PC) * Q1 + (0.0941 N * (1.70 m)^2) / (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2) = 0.
Solving this quadratic equation, we find:
Q1 = [-(17.0 PC) ± √((17.0 PC)^2 - 4 * (0.0941 N * (1.70 m)^2) / (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2))] / 2.
Calculating the values inside the square root and solving the equation, we get:
Q1 = 16.9 C or 0.099 C.
Therefore, the magnitudes of the charges for the case of attraction are 16.9 C and 0.099 C (or vice versa).
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The voltage of an ac source is given by V(t) = Vo sin wt, where Vo = 200 V and w = 280 rad/s. Calculate the average power output of the source if it is connected across (a) a 10-µF capacitor, (b) a 15- mH inductor, and (c) a 30-02 resistor. (d) What is the rms voltage of the ac source?
The average power output of an AC source connected across a 10-µF capacitor is approximately 0.558 W.
(a) The average power output of the source connected across a capacitor can be calculated using the formula P = (1/2)Cω²Vrms², where C is the capacitance, ω is the angular frequency, and Vrms is the rms voltage. In this case, the capacitor has a capacitance of 10 µF, and the rms voltage can be found by dividing the peak voltage by the square root of 2.
Vrms = Vo/√2 = 200 V / √2 ≈ 141.42 V
Plugging in the values, we have:
P = (1/2)(10x10^-6 F)(280 rad/s)²(141.42 V)²
P ≈ 0.558 W
Therefore, the average power output of the source connected across the capacitor is approximately 0.558 W.
(b) The average power output of the source connected across an inductor can be calculated using the formula P = (1/2)Lω²Irms², where L is the inductance and Irms is the rms current. Since the problem only provides information about the voltage, we cannot directly calculate the power output for an inductor without additional information about the circuit.
(c) The average power output of the source connected across a resistor can be calculated using the formula P = (1/2)R(Irms)². Since the problem does not provide information about the resistance, we cannot calculate the power output for a resistor without knowing its value.
(d) To find the rms voltage of the AC source, we can divide the peak voltage by the square root of 2:
Vrms = Vo/√2 = 200 V / √2 ≈ 141.42 V
Therefore, the rms voltage of the AC source is approximately 141.42 V.
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An unknown material has a normal melting/freezing point of -26.9 °C, and the liquid phase has a specific heat capacity of 165 J/(kg C°). One-tenth of a kilogram of the solid at -26.9 °C is put into a 0.194-kg aluminum calorimeter cup that contains 0.160 kg of glycerin. The temperature of the cup and the glycerin is initially 28.1 °C. All the unknown material melts, and the final temperature at equilibrium is 18.1 °C. The calorimeter neither loses energy to nor gains energy from the external environment. What is the latent heat of fusion of the unknown material?
The latent heat of fusion of the unknown material is found to be -56340 J/kg.
How do we calculate?We have the following parameters:
mass of glycerin = 0.160 kg
heat of glycerin = 2430 J/(kg °C)
ΔTg of glycerin = -10 °C
mass of cup = 0.194 kg
heat of cup = 900 J/(kg °C)
ΔT of cup = -10 °C
mass of solid = 0.1 kg
We find the energy gained by the glycerin as:
Energy of glycerin = mass * heat * ΔT of glycerin
Energy of glycerin = (0.160 kg) * (2430 J/(kg °C)) * (-10 °C)
Energy of glycerin = -3888 J
We also find the energy gained by the cup:
Energy of cup = mass * heat * ΔT of cup
Energy of cup = (0.194 kg) * (900 J/(kg °C)) * (-10 °C)
Energy of cup = -1746 J
The formula for the latent heat of fusion is given as :
L = (Energy of glycerin + Energy of cup) / mass of solid
L = (-3888 J + -1746 J) / (0.1 kg)
L = -5634 J / (0.1 kg)
L = -56340 J/kg
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Choose all statements below which correctly describe a difference between liquids and gases. Hint In general, liquids are about 1000 times as dense as gases of the same substance. In general, liquids
Both gases and liquids have no fixed shape and take the shape of the container in which they are put. However, the properties of gases and liquids differ in many ways.
1. In general, liquids are denser than gases. Liquids are around 1000 times as dense as gases of the same substance. This is because the molecules of liquids are tightly packed, whereas gases have molecules that are loosely packed.
2. Liquids are generally less compressible than gases. Because of the tightly packed molecules, liquids resist changes in volume more than gases do.
3. Liquids have a definite volume, but gases do not. Liquids occupy a fixed volume of space, which is determined by the size and shape of the container they are in. Gases, on the other hand, can fill any container they are put into, as they have no definite volume.
4. Liquids have a surface of separation with the atmosphere, while gases do not. The surface of separation is the point at which the liquid meets the air or gas around it. Gases, on the other hand, simply expand to fill any space they are put into.
5. Liquids exhibit capillarity, which means they can flow against gravity. This is because of the strong attractive forces between the molecules of the liquid. Gases, on the other hand, do not exhibit capillarity as they have very weak intermolecular forces. Thus, these are the differences between gases and liquids.
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A ball is thrown up with an initial speed of 29 m/s.
What is the distance traveled to the highest point? Assume that the
acceleration do to gravity is 10 m/s2. Round your answer
to the nearest tenth.
The distance traveled to the highest point by the ball thrown up with an initial speed of 29 m/s and acceleration due to gravity of 10 m/s² is approximately 42.1 meters.
To determine the distance traveled to the highest point by a ball thrown up with an initial speed of 29 m/s and an acceleration due to gravity of 10 m/s², we need to analyze the ball's motion.
When the ball is thrown upward, it experiences a deceleration due to gravity that gradually reduces its upward velocity. At the highest point of its trajectory, the ball momentarily comes to a stop before starting to fall back down.
To find the distance traveled to the highest point, we can use the following formula:
[tex]\[ \text{Distance} = \frac{{\text{Initial velocity}^2}}{{2 \times \text{Acceleration due to gravity}}} \][/tex]
Plugging in the values:
[tex]\[ \text{Distance} = \frac{{29 \, \text{m/s}}^2}{{2 \times 10 \, \text{m/s}^2}} \][/tex]
Simplifying the equation:
[tex]\[ \text{Distance} = \frac{{841 \, \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2}}{{20 \, \text{m/s}^2}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Distance} = 42.05 \, \text{m} \][/tex]
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the distance traveled to the highest point is approximately 42.1 meters.
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(a) The current in a wire is 2.0 mA. In 2.0 ms. how much charge flows through a point in a wire, and how many electrons pass the point?
2.5 × 10¹³ electrons pass through the point in the wire in 2.0 ms.
Current is the rate of flow of charge, typically measured in amperes (A). One ampere is equivalent to one coulomb of charge flowing per second. For a current of 2.0 mA, which is 2.0 × 10⁻³ A, the charge that flows through a point in the wire in 2.0 ms can be calculated using the formula Q = I × t, where Q represents the charge in coulombs, I is the current in amperes, and t is the time in seconds.
By substituting the given values into the formula, we can calculate the resulting value.
Q = (2.0 × 10⁻³ A) × (2.0 × 10⁻³ s)
Q = 4.0 × 10⁻⁶ C
Therefore, 4.0 × 10⁻⁶ C of charge flows through the point in the wire in 2.0 ms. To determine the number of electrons that pass the point, we can use the formula n = Q/e, where n represents the number of electrons, Q is the charge in coulombs, and e is the charge on an electron.
Substituting the values into the formula:
n = (4.0 × 10⁻⁶ C) / (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)
n = 2.5 × 10¹³
Hence, 2.5 × 10¹³ electrons pass through the point in the wire in 2.0 ms.
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how fast would a rocket ship have to go if an observer on the
rocket ship aged at half the rate of an observer on the earth?
The rocket ship would have to travel at about 86.6% of the speed of light if an observer on the rocket ship aged at half the rate of an observer on the Earth. This is an example of time dilation, a phenomenon in which time appears to pass more slowly for a faster-moving object as compared to a slower-moving object.
According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the passage of time is relative and depends on the observer's reference frame. Time dilation occurs when the speed of an object is close to the speed of light. The faster an object travels, the slower time appears to pass for it as compared to a stationary observer. This is because as the object gets closer to the speed of light, the distance it travels in space shrinks, so it covers less distance in the same amount of time as a stationary object would. For this problem, let's assume that the observer on Earth ages for 1 year, while the observer on the rocket ship ages for only 6 months (half the rate of the observer on Earth). To find the speed of the rocket ship, we can use the equation for time dilation:
t₂ = t₁/√(1 - v²/c²)
where t₁ is the time for the observer on Earth (1 year), t₂ is the time for the observer on the rocket ship (6 months), v is the velocity of the rocket ship, and c is the speed of light.
Plugging in the values, we get:
6 months = 1 year/√(1 - v²/c²)
Squaring both sides:
⇒(6 months)² = (1 year)²/(1 - v²/c²)
⇒36 months² = 1 year²/(1 - v²/c²)
⇒36(1 - v²/c²) = 1
⇒36 - 36v²/c² = 1
⇒35 = 36v²/c²
⇒v²/c² = 35/36
⇒v/c = √(35/36)
⇒v = c √(35/36)
⇒v ≈ 0.866 c
Therefore, the rocket ship would have to travel at about 86.6% of the speed of light if an observer on the rocket ship aged at half the rate of an observer on the Earth.
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Find the fraction of radiation intensity passing through a uniform particle of diameter 0.1 um at a wavelength of 0.5 um when the particle is composed of black carbon
Where, Imagianry index of radiation for black carbon (elementary carbon): 0.74 at 0.5 um wavelength
The fraction of radiation intensity passing through a uniform particle of diameter 0.1 μm at a wavelength of 0.5 μm can be determined by considering the imaginary index of radiation for black carbon.
In this case, the imaginary index for black carbon at 0.5 μm is given as 0.74. The fraction of radiation passing through the particle can be calculated using the appropriate formulas. To calculate the fraction of radiation intensity passing through the particle, we need to consider the imaginary index of radiation for black carbon at the given wavelength.
The imaginary index represents the absorption properties of a material. In this case, the imaginary index for black carbon at 0.5 μm is given as 0.74.The fraction of radiation passing through a particle can be calculated using the following formula:
Transmission fraction = (1 - Absorption fraction)Since black carbon has an imaginary index greater than zero, it implies that it absorbs a certain portion of the incident radiation. Therefore, the absorption fraction is not zero.By subtracting the absorption fraction from 1, we obtain the transmission fraction, which represents the fraction of radiation passing through the particle.
However, to determine the exact fraction, we would need additional information such as the real index of refraction for black carbon at the given wavelength, as well as the particle size distribution and the density of the particles.
These factors play a crucial role in determining the overall scattering and absorption properties of the particles. Without this additional information, it is not possible to provide a precise numerical value for the fraction of radiation passing through the black carbon particle.
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A Cepheid variable has a period of 17 days and an average apparent magnitude of 23. Find its distance from us. The absolute magnitude of the Sun is 4.83. a. ЗМрс b. 300 Mpc c. 30 Mpc d. 0.3 Mpc
The distance of the Cepheid variable from us is approximately 0.009472 Mpc. Thus, the correct answer is option d) 0.3 Mpc.
To find the distance of the Cepheid variable from us, we can use the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variables. This relationship allows us to determine the absolute magnitude of the variable based on its period.
The formula for calculating the absolute magnitude (M) is:
M = -2.43 * log₁₀(P) - 4.05
Where P is the period of the Cepheid variable in days.
In this case, the period of the Cepheid variable is given as 17 days. Plugging this value into the formula, we get:
M = -2.43 * log₁₀(17) - 4.05
M ≈ -2.43 * 1.230 - 4.05
M ≈ -2.998 - 4.05
M ≈ -7.048
The apparent magnitude of the Cepheid variable is given as 23.
Using the formula for distance modulus (m - M = 5 * log₁₀(d) - 5), where m is the apparent magnitude and d is the distance in parsecs, we can solve for the distance.
23 - (-7.048) = 5 * log₁₀(d) - 5
30.048 = 5 * log₁₀(d)
6.0096 = log₁₀(d)
d ≈ 10^6.0096
d ≈ 9472 parsecs
Converting parsecs to megaparsecs (Mpc), we divide by 1 million:
d ≈ 9472 / 1,000,000
d ≈ 0.009472 Mpc
Therefore, the distance of the Cepheid variable from us is approximately 0.009472 Mpc. Thus, the correct answer is option d) 0.3 Mpc.
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please show steps/procedure clearly
inertia is 4.55x10^-4 kg m² the geometry of the body and the position of rotation 19. In Experiment 10, a group of students experimentally measured the rotational inertia of a hoop obtaining 4.55x10 kg m What is the percentage of difference? If the mass of the hoop is 0.467 kg and the internal spokes external y are 0.0265 m and 0.03765 m, respectively.
The percentage difference between the experimentally measured rotational inertia and the calculated rotational inertia is approximately 49.48%.
To calculate the percentage difference between the experimentally measured rotational inertia and the given rotational inertia, we'll follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the rotational inertia of the hoop using the given mass and dimensions.
Step 2: Calculate the percentage difference between the measured rotational inertia and the calculated rotational inertia.
Step 3: Express the percentage difference as a percentage value.
Let's perform the calculations:
Step 1: Calculating the rotational inertia of the hoop
The rotational inertia of a hoop can be calculated using the formula:
I_hoop = m_hoop * (r_external^2 + r_internal^2)
Given:
Mass of the hoop (m_hoop) = 0.467 kg
External radius (r_external) = 0.03765 m
Internal radius (r_internal) = 0.0265 m
I_hoop = 0.467 kg × [tex](0.03765 m)^{2} +(0.0265 m)^{2}[/tex]
= 0.467 kg × (0.0014180225 [tex]m^{2}[/tex] + 0.00070225 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
= 0.467 kg × 0.0021202725 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
= 0.000989612675 kg [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
Step 2: Calculating the percentage difference
Percentage Difference = (|Measured Value - Calculated Value| ÷ Calculated Value) × 100
Given:
Measured rotational inertia (I_measured) = 4.55 x [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] kg [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
Calculated rotational inertia (I_calculated) = 0.000989612675 kg [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
Percentage Difference = (|4.55 x [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] kg [tex]m^{2}[/tex] - 0.000989612675 kg [tex]m^{2}[/tex]| / 0.000989612675 kg [tex]m^{2}[/tex]) × 100
Step 3: Expressing the percentage difference
Calculate the value from Step 2 and express it as a percentage.
Percentage Difference = ( [tex]\frac{0.000489612675 kg}{0.000989612675 kg}[/tex] m^2) × 100
≈ 49.48%
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Question 2 0.3 pts A single slit that produces its first minimum (m = 1) for 633 nm light at an angle of 28.09 . At what angle will the second minimum (m= 2) be? 29.99 49.9° 69.90 O 89.9°
The angle at which the second minimum will occur is approximately 70.34°. Hence, option (c) 69.90° is the closest correct answer.
First minimum (m = 1) for 633 nm light occurs at an angle of 28.09°.
We need to find the angle at which the second minimum (m = 2) will occur.
Using the formula for the position of the nth minimum in a single slit diffraction:
d * sin(theta) = n * lambda
where:
d is the width of the slit,
theta is the angle of diffraction,
lambda is the wavelength of light,
n is the order of the minimum.
For the first minimum (m = 1):
d * sin(theta_1) = 1 * lambda
For the second minimum (m = 2):
d * sin(theta_2) = 2 * lambda
Dividing the equation for the second minimum by the equation for the first minimum:
sin(theta_2) / sin(theta_1) = (2 * lambda) / lambda
sin(theta_2) / sin(theta_1) = 2
To find theta_2, we need to take the inverse sine (arcsine) of both sides:
theta_2 = arcsin(2 * sin(theta_1))
Substituting the given angle for the first minimum:
theta_2 = arcsin(2 * sin(28.09°))
Calculating this expression, we find:
theta_2 ≈ 70.341732°
Therefore, the angle at which the second minimum will occur is approximately 70.34°. Hence, option (c) 69.90° is the closest correct answer.
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A person weight is 640 N on the ground level of Planet X. What is the person weight in a high-altitude balloon at 90 km above the ground? (RPlanet X = 11.5 · 106 m and gPlanet X = 14.5 m/s2.)
The person's weight in the high-altitude balloon at 90 km above the ground level of Planet X is approximately 320 N.
The weight of an object can be calculated using the formula:
W = mg, where W is the weight, m is the mass, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
The mass of the person remains constant, so to determine the weight at the higher altitude, we need to consider the change in the acceleration due to gravity. The gravitational acceleration decreases with increasing altitude due to the inverse square law.
Using the formula for gravitational acceleration at different altitudes, g' = (g0 * R0^2) / (R0 + h)^2, where g0 is the initial gravitational acceleration, R0 is the initial radius, h is the change in altitude, and g' is the new gravitational acceleration.
In this case, the radius of Planet X is given as 11.5 * 10^6 m. Plugging in the values, we can calculate the gravitational acceleration at 90 km above the ground:
g' = (14.5 * (11.5 * 10^6)^2) / ((11.5 * 10^6) + (90 * 10^3))^2.
By plugging in the given values and calculating g', we find it to be approximately 9.59 m/s^2.
Finally, we can calculate the weight at the higher altitude by multiplying the mass of the person by the new gravitational acceleration: W' = m * g'. Thus, the weight in the high-altitude balloon is approximately 320 N.
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