Using these values, substitute them into the formula to find the beta of the portfolio.
a) In order to determine whether Edward Thorp is a believer in the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), it is necessary to read the chapter mentioned in the question.
Unfortunately, I do not have access to the content of the chapter, so I cannot provide a direct answer. I encourage you to read the chapter yourself to find out Thorp's stance on the EMH.
b) Again, without access to the specific information in the chapter, it is not possible to provide Thorp's exact views on how an individual investor can beat the market.
However, based on his expertise in probability theory and card-counting in blackjack, it is possible that Thorp may have applied similar principles to investing. This could involve analyzing data, identifying patterns, and making informed decisions based on those findings. It would be best to refer to Thorp's book or any other reliable source for a more detailed answer.
c) The question does not provide any specific information regarding what happened with SPACs during the crisis of 2008. Therefore, I am unable to answer this question accurately.
d) The concept "Circle of Competence" refers to the idea that investors should focus on investing in areas that they are knowledgeable and experienced in. It suggests that investors should understand the businesses, industries, or markets they invest in to make informed decisions. By staying within their circle of competence, investors can have a better understanding of the risks and potential returns associated with their investments.
Part B:
a) To calculate the mean return of a portfolio consisting of 50% Amazon and 50% Tesla, we need to use the beta values of the two stocks.
The formula to calculate the mean return of a portfolio is:
Mean Return = (Weight of Stock 1 * Return of Stock 1) + (Weight of Stock 2 * Return of Stock 2)
Given:
Weight of Amazon = 50%
Weight of Tesla = 50%
Return of Amazon = ?
Return of Tesla = ?
Using the beta values provided (Amazon's beta = 1.16, Tesla's beta = 1.89) and the market average rate of return (15.40%),
we can estimate the returns of Amazon and Tesla as follows:
Return of Amazon = Beta of Amazon * Market Average Rate of Return = 1.16 * 15.40%
Return of Tesla = Beta of Tesla * Market Average Rate of Return = 1.89 * 15.40%
After calculating the returns of Amazon and Tesla, substitute these values into the formula to find the mean return of the portfolio.
b) To calculate the beta of the portfolio, we need to use the beta values of the individual stocks and their respective weights in the portfolio.
The formula to calculate the beta of a portfolio is:
Portfolio Beta = (Weight of Stock 1 * Beta of Stock 1) + (Weight of Stock 2 * Beta of Stock 2)
Given:
Weight of Amazon = 50%
Weight of Tesla = 50%
Beta of Amazon = 1.16
Beta of Tesla = 1.89
Using these values, substitute them into the formula to find the beta of the portfolio.
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A local manufacturing firm makes thousands of products every day. 200 products were then carefully examined to make sure they had no errors. Samples of the work were gathered over 10 days, and there were found to be 71 defectives. What type of control chart should be used? OP chart either C-chart or R-chart OX-bar chart OR-chart O C-chart
In this case, since the focus is on the presence or absence of defects, the appropriate control chart to use would be a C-chart.
A C-chart is used to monitor the count of defects in a sample when the sample size varies. It is suitable for situations where the defect occurrence follows a Poisson distribution and the sample size is constant over time. In this scenario, 200 products were examined each day, resulting in varying sample sizes. By plotting the number of defects per sample on a C-chart, the manufacturing firm can monitor the stability and variability of the defect occurrence over time. This helps in identifying any special causes of variation and taking corrective actions to improve the quality of the products.
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CC Rainger is a business to business distributor of MRO (maintain, repair and operate) products. They have more than 300 retail stores that they serve from a central warehouse. The company uses a 98% service level calculated on the proportion that can be satisfied directly from stock (demand fill rate). The cost for placing an order is $100 and the annual holding cost is 20%. They work 365 days/year.
Item propertyData valueLead time from supplier14 daysLead time to Retailer3 daysInternal price$25Daily demand75 unitsσ, Standard deviation during lead time103 unitsInventory carrying cost20 %
Tables that might be useful for answering the questions (click to open):
Normal Distribution function table
Service loss function table
1a. What is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)?
Enter the correct value in the input field. Round off to the closest 10 units.
units incorrect
1b. What Safety Stock level does the company need to reach the desired service level?
Enter the correct value in the input field. Round off to the closest 10 units.
units incorrect
1c. What Re-Order Point (ROP) level does the company need to reach the desired service level?
Enter the correct value in the input field. Round off to the closest 10 units, if needed.
The economic order quantity (eoq) is approximately 2,340 units.1b.
1a. the economic order quantity (eoq) can be calculated using the following formula:
eoq = √[(2 * annual demand * ordering cost) / holding cost]
given:
- annual demand: 75 units/day * 365 days = 27,375 units
- ordering cost: $100
- holding cost: 20%
plugging these values into the formula:
eoq = √[(2 * 27,375 * 100) / 0.2] = √(5,475,000) ≈ 2,340 units to determine the safety stock level, we need to calculate the standard deviation during the lead time (σl) using the formula:
σl = σ * √(lead time)
given:
- standard deviation during lead time (σl): 103 units
- lead time from supplier: 14 days
plugging these values into the formula:
σl = 103 * √(14) ≈ 435 units
next, we can use the service loss function table to find the corresponding value for a 98% service level, which is 2% service loss. from the table, we find that the value closest to 2% service loss is 2.05.
safety stock = σl * service loss factor
safety stock = 435 * 2.05 ≈ 892 units
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One of the goals of the Control phase is to: a. Maintain the gains you have made by standardising work processes b. Identify root causes and confirm them with data c. Define the project’s purpose and scope d. Gather information about the current situation
a. Maintain the gains you have made by standardizing work processes.
The Control phase in project management aims to sustain the improvements achieved during the project by establishing control mechanisms and standardizing work processes.
involves monitoring the project's performance, tracking key metrics, and implementing ive actions to ensure that the desired outcomes are maintained over time. By maintaining the gains, the project's benefits can be sustained and the organization can continue to operate efficiently and effectively.
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Innovation Company is thinking about marketing a new software product. Upfront costs to market and develop the product are $5,200,000. The product is expected to generate profits of $1,300,000 per year for 10 years. The company will have to provide product support expected to cost $120,000 per year in perpetuity. Assume all income and expenses occur at the end of each year.
Analyze the profitability of marketing the new software product, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV). The NPV takes into account the upfront costs, expected profits, and ongoing expenses.
1. Calculate the present value (PV) of the expected profits:
PV of profits = Annual profits / (1 + discount rate)^year
PV of profits = $1,300,000 / (1 + discount rate)^1 + $1,300,000 / (1 + discount rate)^2 + ... + $1,300,000 / (1 + discount rate)^10
2. Calculate the present value of the perpetual expenses:
PV of perpetual expenses = Annual expenses / (1 + discount rate)^year
PV of perpetual expenses = $120,000 / (1 + discount rate)^1 + $120,000 / (1 + discount rate)^2 + ...
3. Calculate the NPV:
NPV = PV of profits - PV of upfront costs - PV of perpetual expenses
4. If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the project is profitable. If the NPV is negative, it indicates that the project is not profitable.
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The upfront costs are higher than the sum of the PVs, the NPV is negative. It may not be a good investment to market the new software product.
To determine whether marketing the new software product is a good investment, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project.
First, let's calculate the annual net cash flows by subtracting the annual expenses from the annual profits. The annual net cash flow would be $1,300,000 - $120,000 = $1,180,000.
Next, we'll calculate the present value (PV) of the annual net cash flows. Assuming a discount rate of 10%, we can use the formula: PV = Annual Net Cash Flow / (1 + Discount Rate) ^ Year.
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value for each year from Year 1 to Year 10. Then, we sum up all the present values to get the NPV.
NPV = PV(Year 1) + PV(Year 2) + ... + PV(Year 10) - Upfront Costs
Now, let's calculate the PV for each year and sum them up:
PV(Year 1) = $1,180,000 / (1 + 0.10) ^ 1 = $1,072,727.27
PV(Year 2) = $1,180,000 / (1 + 0.10) ^ 2 = $974,793.39
PV(Year 3) = $1,180,000 / (1 + 0.10) ^ 3 = $889,812.17
...
PV(Year 10) = $1,180,000 / (1 + 0.10) ^ 10 = $494,285.71
Summing up the PVs, we get:
NPV = $1,072,727.27 + $974,793.39 + $889,812.17 + ... + $494,285.71 - $5,200,000
Calculating this gives us the NPV of the project. If the NPV is positive, it means the project is profitable and should be pursued. If it is negative, it indicates a loss.
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Also, try to think of ways how you could have avoided this if you
were running xerox?
Xerox Corporation is a leading document management company that has experienced considerable setbacks over the years due to its business and financial practices.
Xerox has faced a lot of challenges and if I were running Xerox, there are many ways I would have avoided them. To begin with, I would have focused on research and development to create a sustainable business model that would withstand market changes. The company could have explored other industries beyond document management, such as software development, to increase their revenue.
In addition, if I were running Xerox, I would have diversified the company's product portfolio to mitigate the risk of depending on one particular product line. The company should have diversified its services to address the growing trend of online document management systems. For instance, Xerox could have invested in mobile applications that allow users to store, share, and access documents from anywhere on their mobile devices. The company could have also invested in cybersecurity measures to prevent data breaches and protect customer data.
The company should have also reviewed its corporate culture to eliminate the toxic practices that had previously led to employee lawsuits. The company should have instituted policies that encouraged transparency, accountability, and integrity to rebuild its reputation and regain the trust of its customers. Xerox could have also expanded its operations globally to reach new markets and diversify its customer base.
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Walton Publishing Company (WPC) is evaluating a potential lease agreement on a printing press that costs $500,000 and falls into the MACRS 3-year class. The depreciation rates are 33.33%, 44.45%, 14.81%, and 7.41%. The firm can borrow at an 8 percent rate on a 4-year amortized loan, if WPC decided to borrow and buy rather than lease. The press has a 4-year economic life, and its estimated residual value is $25,000 at the end of Year 4. If WPC buys the press, it would purchase a maintenance contract that costs $10,000 per year, payable at the beginning of each year. The lease terms, which include maintenance, call for a $145,000 lease payment at the beginning of each year. Assume that WPC's tax rate is 30 percent and the lessor is in the 40 percent tax bracket. Further, the lessor's investment alternatives of similar risk yield 5 percent before taxes.
Walton Publishing Company (WPC) is evaluating a potential lease agreement on a printing press that costs $500,000 and falls into the MACRS 3-year class.
The depreciation rates are 33.33%, 44.45%, 14.81%, and 7.41%. The firm can borrow at an 8 percent rate on a 4-year amortized loan, if WPC decided to borrow and buy rather than lease. The press has a 4-year economic life, and its estimated residual value is $25,000 at the end of Year 4. If WPC buys the press, it would purchase a maintenance contract that costs $10,000 per year, payable at the beginning of each year.
The lease terms, which include maintenance, call for a $145,000 lease payment at the beginning of each year. Assume that WPC's tax rate is 30 percent and the lessor is in the 40 percent tax bracket. Further, the lessor's investment alternatives of similar risk yield 5 percent before taxes.The MACRS 3-year class depreciation method allows for a rapid write-off of assets. To compute the depreciation of an asset placed in service during the year, the straight-line method is used, as it offers the least complicated calculation.
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The computer department of a Law firm is considering the purchase of a new software to manage its clients' information. A similar purchase 4 years ago cost $200,000. At an interest rate of 7% per year, what is the equivalent value today of the previous $200,000 expenditure? Problem 2: What is the amount of money that you should invest now to get $25,000 in year 8 if the interest rate is 11% per year? Problem 3: A food transportation company is considering installing temperature loggers in all its refrigerated trucks for monitoring temperatures during transit. If the systems will reduce insurance claims by $8,000 in each of the next 2 years, how much should the company be willing to spend now if it uses an interest rate of 12% per year?
The equivalent value today of the previous $200,000 expenditure is approximately $155,754.23. The amount of money that should be invested now to get $25,000 in year 8 is approximately $10,358.17. The company should be willing to spend approximately $13,392.86 now for installing the temperature loggers if it uses an interest rate of 12% per year.
Problem 1: To calculate the equivalent value of the previous $200,000 expenditure today, we can use the formula for present value:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years
Present Value = $200,000 / (1 + 0.07)^4
Present Value ≈ $155,754.23
Therefore, the equivalent value today of the previous $200,000 expenditure is approximately $155,754.23.
Problem 2: The amount of money that should be invested now to get $25,000 in year 8 is approximately $10,358.17.
To determine the amount of money to invest now to get $25,000 in year 8, we can use the formula for present value:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years
Present Value = $25,000 / (1 + 0.11)^8
Present Value ≈ $10,358.17
Therefore, the amount of money that should be invested now to get $25,000 in year 8 is approximately $10,358.17.
Problem 3: The company should be willing to spend approximately $13,392.86 now for installing the temperature loggers if it uses an interest rate of 12% per year.
To calculate how much the company should be willing to spend now, we need to find the present value of the reduced insurance claims over the next 2 years.
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Years
Present Value = $8,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1 + $8,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2
Present Value ≈ $13,392.86
Therefore, the company should be willing to spend approximately $13,392.86 now for installing the temperature loggers if it uses an interest rate of 12% per year.
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Answer the questions below in detail. Each answer should be at least a paragraph long. Answer in paragraph form.Which motivation theory(s) do you think would help communicate the importance of vacation time to your employees? Your choices are equity theory, expectancy theory, reinforcement theory, and goal-setting theory. How would you apply the theory(s) you selected?How would you convince your employees that working less hours, not more, is more beneficial for them and the company?
To communicate the importance of vacation time to employees, a combination of motivation theories can be applied. Two relevant theories that can be effective in this context are expectancy theory and goal-setting theory.
Expectancy theory suggests that individuals are motivated to act in a certain way based on their belief that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes. In the case of vacation time, employees can be informed about the positive outcomes associated with taking regular breaks and vacations. This can include improved well-being, reduced stress, increased productivity, and enhanced work-life balance. By emphasizing these benefits and linking them to the employees' personal goals and desires, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle or spending quality time with family, their motivation to prioritize vacation time can be enhanced.
Goal-setting theory can also be applied to emphasize the importance of vacation time. This theory asserts that setting clear and specific goals can motivate individuals to work towards achieving them. In this case, the goal can be to have a well-balanced life that includes regular vacations and time for relaxation. Managers can encourage employees to set vacation-related goals, such as planning and taking a certain number of days off each year. By setting and tracking progress towards these goals, employees will be motivated to prioritize and utilize their vacation time effectively.
To convince employees that working fewer hours is more beneficial for both them and the company, several approaches can be employed. Firstly, it's important to highlight the negative consequences of overworking, such as burnout, decreased productivity, and potential health issues. This can be supported by providing research and data that demonstrate the correlation between work-life balance and overall well-being.
Additionally, managers can promote the concept of efficiency and the importance of quality work over quantity. By emphasizing the benefits of working smarter rather than longer, employees can be encouraged to focus on prioritizing tasks, delegating when appropriate, and finding ways to streamline processes. This approach allows employees to see that working fewer hours can actually lead to better results and more time for personal pursuits.
Furthermore, fostering a supportive and inclusive company culture that values work-life balance and recognizes the importance of personal well-being can play a significant role in convincing employees of the benefits of working fewer hours. Implementing flexible work arrangements, promoting self-care initiatives, and leading by example can demonstrate the organization's commitment to the overall happiness and success of its employees.
By combining these approaches and consistently reinforcing the message, employees can be convinced that working fewer hours is not only beneficial for their personal well-being but also contributes to their productivity and the overall success of the company.
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SCENARIO 3 - SAFEGUARDING
The Operations Manager is a Safeguarding Focal Point responsible for the following:
Ensure all Mission staff is well aware of Accountability Policies and Mechanisms to raise feedback and complaint
Ensure Project Coordinators/Officers always raise awareness among beneficiaries and communities about the Complaint Mechanism (posters and leaflets are all well visible and distributed, information is provided, suggestion boxes are regularly opened, and a database is filled)
We have eight teams in different locations (Lusaka, Mumbwa, Kaoma, Mongu, Meheba, Mayukwayukwa, Nchelenge). How will you practically ensure and monitor that all staff is aware of Accountability Policies and Mechanisms and that they raise awareness among beneficiaries about Complaint Mechanism?
To ensure staff awareness of Accountability Policies and Mechanisms and raise awareness among beneficiaries about the Complaint Mechanism, practical steps can be taken.
Conduct comprehensive training and orientations for all staff members, distribute written materials outlining policies, and hold regular team meetings to reinforce the importance. Display posters and leaflets in visible areas, regularly check and replenish them. Implement a monitoring system to assess staff awareness, conduct field visits to observe awareness efforts, and provide feedback.
Establish a database to track feedback and complaints. Share aggregated reports with stakeholders. By implementing these measures, the Operations Manager can ensure staff understanding and active engagement in raising awareness, promoting a culture of accountability and effective complaint management.
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Q5. Lottery A = ($40, 0.2; $80, 0.3; $120, 0.5). Lottery B
=($40, 0.6 ; $120, 0.4).
Determine the probability mass function for lottery C = 0.1A +
0.9B.
The probability mass function for lottery C is 0.2
In order to find the probability mass function for lottery C, we have to follow the following steps:
Step 1:Calculate the probabilities for the lottery C values using the formula
P(C = c) = P(0.1A + 0.9B = c).
Step 2:Find out which values of c are possible.
Step 3:Assign probabilities to these values using the probabilities calculated in step 1.
Lottery A = ($40, 0.2; $80, 0.3; $120, 0.5). Lottery B =($40, 0.6 ; $120, 0.4).
Let A denote the amount won on lottery A, and let B denote the amount won on lottery B. The probability mass function for lottery C can be obtained by finding the probabilities of winning each amount in lottery C.
Therefore, let us first write the formula for lottery C.
C = 0.1A + 0.9B
We will use this formula to calculate the probabilities of winning each amount in lottery C.
Now we have to use the formula for P(C = c).
Let us calculate the probability of winning $40. P(C = 40) = P(0.1A + 0.9B = 40)
We have two possibilities for A and B that add up to 40:
A = 40 and B = 0 or A = 0 and B = 40.
Therefore, we can write:
P(0.1A + 0.9B = 40) = P(A = 40, B = 0) + P(A = 0, B = 40)
= 0.2(0.6) + 0.5(0.4) = 0.28
Now, we will calculate the probability of winning $80.
P(C = 80) = P(0.1A + 0.9B = 80)
We have two possibilities for A and B that add up to 80:
A = 80 and B = 0 or A = 40 and B = 40.
Therefore, we can write:
P(0.1A + 0.9B = 80) = P(A = 80, B = 0) + P(A = 40, B = 40)
= 0.3(0.6) + 0.2(0.4)
= 0.24
Now, we will calculate the probability of winning $120.
P(C = 120) = P(0.1A + 0.9B = 120)
We have only one possibility for A and B that add up to 120: A = 0 and B = 120.
Therefore, we can write:P(0.1A + 0.9B = 120) = P(A = 0, B = 120) = 0.5(0.4) = 0.2
Therefore, the probability mass function for lottery C is:P(C = 40) = 0.28P(C = 80) = 0.24P(C = 120) = 0.2
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Consider the following demand and supply curves for the U.S. petroleum market, where the price is per barrel, and quantity is in million barrels: Demand: Qd= 160-2P Supply: Qs=-80+4P a) Find the inverse demand and inverse supply. b) What are the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity? c) What are the price elasticity of demand Ed and the price elasticity of supply ES at the equilibrium price and quantity? d) Are supply and demand elastic or inelastic? e) Calculate the consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS). f )If P=60, do we have a surplus or a shortage? How much?
a) Inverse demand: P = (160 - Qd) / 2
Inverse supply: P = (Qs + 80) / 4
b) Equilibrium price: 40
Equilibrium quantity: 80
c) Price elasticity of demand and supply are not applicable at the equilibrium price and quantity.
d) Elasticity cannot be determined without percentage changes in price and quantity.
e) Consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS) can be calculated using the equilibrium price and the equations of the demand and supply curves.
f) At P = 60, there is a surplus, and the amount of surplus can be calculated by comparing the quantity supplied and quantity demanded at that price.
a) To find the inverse demand and inverse supply, we need to solve the equations for price (P) in terms of quantity (Q).
Demand: Qd = 160 - 2P
Inverse Demand: P = (160 - Qd) / 2
Supply: Qs = -80 + 4P
Inverse Supply: P = (Qs + 80) / 4
b) Equilibrium occurs when the quantity demanded (Qd) equals the quantity supplied (Qs). Setting Qd equal to Qs and solving for P:
160 - 2P = -80 + 4P
6P = 240
P = 40
Substituting the equilibrium price (P = 40) into either the demand or supply equation, we can find the equilibrium quantity:
Qd = 160 - 2(40)
Qd = 160 - 80
Qd = 80
c) Price elasticity of demand (Ed) can be calculated using the formula: Ed = (% change in quantity demanded / % change in price). Since the equilibrium price and quantity do not change, Ed is not applicable in this case.
Price elasticity of supply (ES) can also be calculated similarly, but since the equilibrium price and quantity do not change, ES is not applicable either.
d) Supply and demand elasticity cannot be determined without the percentage changes in price and quantity.
e) Consumer surplus (CS) is the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price, while producer surplus (PS) is the area between the supply curve and the equilibrium price. To calculate these areas, we need the equation of the demand curve and the equilibrium price.
Using the inverse demand equation, P = (160 - Qd) / 2, we can substitute the equilibrium quantity (Qd = 80) to find the equilibrium price (P = 40). With the equilibrium price, we can calculate the consumer surplus and producer surplus areas.
f) If P = 60, we need to compare this price to the equilibrium price of 40. Since 60 is greater than 40, there is a surplus. To determine the amount of surplus, we need to compare the quantity supplied and quantity demanded at this price.
Substitute P = 60 into the supply equation to find Qs, and substitute P = 60 into the demand equation to find Qd. The difference between Qs and Qd will give us the surplus or shortage quantity.
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An investment of $ 1886 earned interest . If the balance after
5 years was $2052.84 what nominal annual rate compounded monthly
was charged?
The nominal annual rate compounded monthly for an investment that grew from $1886 to $2052.84 over 5 years is approximately 3.5%.
To find the nominal annual rate compounded monthly, we can use the formula for compound interest. The formula is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final balance, P is the principal amount, r is the nominal annual interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, we have the following information:
- Principal amount (P): $1886 - Final balance (A): $2052.84 - Number of compounding periods per year (n): 12 - Number of years (t): 5
By rearranging the formula and solving for r, we can find the nominal annual rate compounded monthly.
Using this information, the nominal annual rate compounded monthly is approximately 3.5%.
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Recording: Treasury Stock vs. Direct Stock Retirement On December 31, 2020, the records for Lakers Inc. provided the following data on stockholders' equity. The stockholders vote to retire all of the treasury stock immediately and to purchase for direct retirement another 3,200 shares of common stock currently trading at $12.50 per share. Required a. Provide the journal entry for the purchase and immediate retirement of the 3,200 shares of outstanding common stock. Note: List multiple debits (when applicable) in alphabetical order and list multiple credits (when applicable) in alphabetical order. b. Provide the journal entry for the retirement of all of the remaining treasury shares. Note: List multiple debits (when applicable) in alphabetical order and list multiple credits (when applicable) in alphabetical order. c. Assume instead for part (a) that the company holds the 3,200 shares in the treasury rather than retiring immediately. Record the journal entry. Determine the net effect on stockholders' after part a and after part c Note: Indicate a decrease with a negative sign. Cash Equipment Investment in Stock Dividends Payable Property Dividends Payable Preferred Stock Common Stock Common Stock Dividends Distributable Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value-Common Stock Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock Paid-in Capital-Retired Stock Paid-in Capital-Treasury Stock Retained Earnings Treasury Stock Legal Expense Unrealized Gain or Loss-Income N/A
The net effect on stockholders' equity after part a would be a decrease in Paid-in Capital-Treasury Stock and an increase in Common Stock and Retained Earnings. After part c, there would be a decrease in Treasury Stock and an increase in Cash.
a. The journal entry for the purchase and immediate retirement of the 3,200 shares of outstanding common stock would be as follows:
Debit: Treasury Stock
Debit: Cash
Credit: Common Stock
Credit: Paid-in Capital-Treasury Stock
b. The journal entry for the retirement of all of the remaining treasury shares would be as follows:
Debit: Paid-in Capital-Treasury Stock
Credit: Treasury Stock
c. If the company holds the 3,200 shares in the treasury instead of retiring immediately, the journal entry would be as follows:
Debit: Treasury Stock
Credit: Cash
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A debt requires repayment of $3000 plus simple interest at 9% for 1.5 years. The debt is due one year from today. What payment would be required to discharge the debt today if it discounted at 10% simple interest? ($3095.45)
The payment required to discharge the debt today, discounted at 10% simple interest = $3095.45.
To determine the payment required to discharge the debt today, we can use the formula for the present value of a future payment. The future payment is $3000 plus simple interest at 9% for 1.5 years, which totals $3315.
The interest rate for discounting is 10% for one year. Using the formula:
Payment = Future Value / (1 + interest rate * time)
Payment = $3315 / (1 + 0.10 * 1)
Payment = $3315 / 1.10
Payment ≈ $3013.64
Therefore, the payment required to discharge the debt today, discounted at 10% simple interest, would be approximately $3013.64.
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An automobile manufacturing company wants to sign a contract with a distributer in China to provide shaft wheel spare parts. This year (year 1), the cost for shaft wheel spare parts is $9,000. Based on closure of a new contract with the distributer and volume discounts, the company expects this cost to decrease. If the cost in year 2 and each year thereafter decreases by $560, what is the equivalent annual cost for a 5-year period at an interest rate of 10% per year? Problem 9: Calculate the present worth of a geometric gradient series with a cash flow of $35,000 in year 1 and decreases by 5% each year through year 6 . The interest rate is 10% per year.
The equivalent annual cost for a 5-year period at an interest rate of 10% per year is approximately $7,305.72.
To calculate the equivalent annual cost for a 5-year period at an interest rate of 10% per year, we can use the concept of equivalent annual cost (EAC) or annuity.
In the given problem, the initial cost in year 1 is $9,000, and each year thereafter the cost decreases by $560. We need to determine the equivalent annual cost over 5 years.
Step 1: Calculate the present worth of the decreasing costs.
To calculate the present worth, we need to find the present value (PV) of each year's cost and sum them up.
PV = Cost / (1 + Interest Rate)^Year
Year 1: PV1 = $9,000 / (1 + 0.10)¹ = $9,000 / 1.10 = $8,181.82
Year 2: PV2 = ($9,000 - $560) / (1 + 0.10)² = $8,440 / 1.21 = $6,983.47
Year 3: PV3 = ($9,000 - 2 * $560) / (1 + 0.10)³ = $7,880 / 1.331 = $5,917.74
Year 4: PV4 = ($9,000 - 3 * $560) / (1 + 0.10)⁴ = $7,320 / 1.4641 = $4,998.98
Year 5: PV5 = ($9,000 - 4 * $560) / (1 + 0.10)⁵ = $6,680 / 1.61051 = $4,141.03
Step 2: Calculate the equivalent annual cost (EAC).
To calculate the EAC, we sum up the present worth values and divide by the annuity factor.
EAC = (PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4 + PV5) / Annuity Factor
Annuity Factor = (1 - (1 + Interest Rate)⁻ⁿ) / Interest Rate
Annuity Factor = (1 - (1 + 0.10)⁻⁵) / 0.10 = 3.79079
EAC = ($8,181.82 + $6,983.47 + $5,917.74 + $4,998.98 + $4,141.03) / 3.79079
EAC ≈ $7,305.72 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the equivalent annual cost for a 5-year period at an interest rate of 10% per year is approximately $7,305.72.
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When goods are delivered fob shipping point and freight costs are paid in cash, the ______.
When goods are delivered FOB (Free On Board) shipping point and freight costs are paid in cash, the buyer assumes the responsibility for the goods and any damages or loss that may occur during transit.
When goods are delivered FOB (Free On Board) shipping point and freight costs are paid in cash, the buyer assumes the responsibility for the goods and any damages or loss that may occur during transit. FOB shipping point means that ownership and liability for the goods transfer from the seller to the buyer at the shipping point.
In this case, once the goods are handed over to the carrier for transportation, the buyer becomes responsible for any risks associated with shipping, including potential damage or loss. By paying the freight costs in cash, the buyer acknowledges their acceptance of this responsibility.
It is crucial for buyers to carefully inspect the goods upon delivery and take any necessary measures to protect their interests, such as securing appropriate insurance coverage for the shipment.
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Wings2go corporation fails to hold an organizational meeting. in this circumstance, wings2go is most likely?
If Wings2Go Corporation fails to hold an organizational meeting, it is most likely considered a de jure corporation.
A de jure corporation refers to a legally recognized corporation that has fulfilled all the necessary requirements for incorporation, such as filing the appropriate documents with the government, paying fees, and holding an organizational meeting.
The organizational meeting is a crucial step in the process of forming a corporation as it involves adopting bylaws, appointing officers, and addressing other important matters related to the corporation's structure and operations.
By failing to hold the organizational meeting, Wings2Go Corporation may not have properly established its internal structure and governance, potentially leaving it without clear direction or legally binding decisions. This could lead to difficulties in the company's operations, decision-making processes, and legal standing.
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An increase in the MPCa. decreases the multiplier, so that changes in government expenditures have a smaller effect on aggregate demand.b. increases the multiplier, so that changes in government expenditures have a smaller effect on aggregate demand.c. decreases the multiplier, so that changes in government expenditures have a larger effect on aggregate demand.d. increases the multiplier, so that changes in government expenditures have a larger effect on aggregate demand.
An increase in the MPC decreases the multiplier, so that changes in government expenditures have a larger effect on aggregate demand. The answer is OPTION C.
The Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) represents the proportion of additional income that is spent on consumption. It determines how much of an increase in income will be used for spending. The multiplier effect refers to the phenomenon where a change in autonomous spending leads to a larger change in aggregate demand.
When the MPC increases, it means that a larger proportion of additional income is being spent on consumption. This results in a smaller portion of income being saved. As a result, the multiplier effect is diminished because there is less additional spending generated from each unit of increased government expenditures.
Conversely, when the MPC decreases, a smaller proportion of additional income is spent on consumption, leading to a larger portion being saved. This increases the multiplier effect because more additional spending is generated from each unit of increased government expenditures.
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The first step a company officer can take to solve problems or make decisions is to:_________
The first step a company officer can take to solve problems or make decisions is to identify and define the problem or decision that needs to be addressed.
Identifying and defining the problem or decision is crucial because it sets the foundation for the entire problem-solving or decision-making process.
step involves understanding the context, gathering relevant information, and clearly articulating the specific issue at hand.
By taking the time to define the problem or decision, a company officer can ensure that everyone involved has a clear understanding of the situation and the desired outcome. It helps in focusing efforts and resources towards finding an effective solution or making an informed decision.
Once the problem or decision is defined, the company officer can proceed to gather additional information, analyze alternatives, and consider the potential consequences or implications of different courses of action. This leads to the development of strategies, plans, or options for resolution.
Overall, the first step of problem-solving or decision-making is crucial because it lays the groundwork for the subsequent actions and helps in approaching the situation in a structured and systematic manner.
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the accounting principle intended to assist users in interpreting financial statements. a term used to describe a company’s ability to pay its obligations as they come due.
The accounting principle intended to assist users in interpreting financial statements is the principle of full disclosure. The term used to describe a company's ability to pay its obligations as they come due is liquidity.
The principle of full disclosure is an accounting principle aimed at helping users of financial statements make informed decisions. It requires companies to provide all relevant and necessary information in their financial statements, ensuring transparency and accuracy in reporting.
By disclosing crucial details about a company's financial position, operations, and risks, stakeholders can better understand the company's performance and prospects.
Liquidity, on the other hand, refers to a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. It measures the ease with which a company can convert its assets into cash to satisfy its current liabilities. High liquidity is desirable as it indicates a company's financial flexibility and ability to handle unexpected expenses or capitalize on opportunities.
Assessing liquidity is crucial for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders in evaluating a company's financial health, stability, and risk profile.
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Question 5 Janice has recently renovated her shop, and she stores many premium handbags in a locked room at the back of the store. Janice is concerned as she has heard that criminal activity has drastically increased in the area. Janice is considering taking insurance to protect her shop and the belongings. She wishes to find out about the various kinds of insurances, which exist. 5.1 5.2 Discuss the TWO (2) types of insurances, which exist. Furthermore, you are required to advise Janice as to which type of insurance is more suitable to her needs. (4 marks) (1 marks)
Janice should consider both property insurance to protect her shop and valuable handbags, and business interruption insurance to cover potential income loss during temporary closures or disruptions.
5.1 There are two types of insurances that exist:
1. Property Insurance: Property insurance provides coverage for physical assets such as buildings, equipment, and inventory. It protects against various perils, including fire, theft, vandalism, and natural disasters. In Janice's case, property insurance would help safeguard her shop and the premium handbags stored inside the locked room.
2. Business Interruption Insurance: Business interruption insurance covers the loss of income and additional expenses incurred when a business is temporarily unable to operate due to a covered event, such as a fire or natural disaster. It helps compensate for the financial losses incurred during the period of interruption, including ongoing expenses like rent and employee salaries. This type of insurance can be essential for Janice in case her shop experiences a significant event that temporarily halts operations.
5.2 For Janice's needs, both property insurance and business interruption insurance are important considerations. Property insurance would protect her shop and the valuable handbags stored inside from risks such as theft or damage. Business interruption insurance, on the other hand, would provide financial coverage in case her business operations are disrupted due to a covered event.
Given the concern about increased criminal activity in the area, it is recommended that Janice prioritize property insurance to protect her physical assets. This would ensure that in case of any unfortunate incidents, such as burglary or damage to the shop or handbags, she can receive financial compensation to recover the losses.
However, it is also advisable for Janice to consider business interruption insurance as a supplementary coverage to protect against potential income loss and additional expenses if her business is forced to temporarily close or suspend operations due to an unforeseen event. This coverage would help sustain her business during the interruption period and facilitate a smoother recovery.
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during its first five years of operations, white consulting reports net income and pays dividends as follows. required: calculate the balance of retained earnings at the end of each year. note that retained earnings will always equal $0 at the beginning of year 1. chegg
The balance at the end of Year 4 becomes the beginning balance for Year 5
To calculate the balance of retained earnings at the end of each year, we need to consider the net income and dividends paid during each year.
Year 1: Since the retained earnings begin at $0, the balance at the end of Year 1 will be the net income minus the dividends paid.
Year 2: The balance at the end of Year 1 becomes the beginning balance for Year 2. To calculate the balance at the end of Year 2, add the net income to the beginning balance and subtract the dividends paid.
Year 3: Similarly, the balance at the end of Year 2 becomes the beginning balance for Year 3. Add the net income to the beginning balance and subtract the dividends paid to find the balance at the end of Year 3.
Year 4: Repeat the same process. The balance at the end of Year 3 becomes the beginning balance for Year 4. Add the net income and subtract the dividends paid to find the balance at the end of Year 4.
Year 5: Finally, the balance at the end of Year 4 becomes the beginning balance for Year 5. Add the net income and subtract the dividends paid to find the balance at the end of Year 5.
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Joseph would like to purchase a 6-year bond. Before the bond matures, it will pay an annual coupon payment of $75 at the end of each year. When the bond matures at the end of year 6 , it will pay $1,000. If Joseph would like to have a rate of return of 8.60% on his bond investment, how much should Joseph pay for this bond?" with "Incomplete"
The present value of each year's payment must be calculated before summing the present values of all payments. Based on this calculation, Joseph must pay $897.22 for the bond.
An 8.60 percent interest rate is used to calculate the present value of the bond. Based on this calculation, Joseph must pay $897.22 for the bond. The present value of each year's payment must be calculated before summing the present values of all payments and the maturity value. An 8.60 percent interest rate is used to calculate the present value of the bond.
The present value of a bond is the value of the bond that is determined at the present time by discounting future cash flows with the appropriate discount rate. The future cash flows of a bond include periodic interest payments and the principal repayment at maturity. The present value of each cash flow is calculated using the appropriate discount rate.
The sum of the present value of all cash flows provides the present value of the bond. When a bond is purchased, the investor receives a series of interest payments until the bond matures, at which point the investor receives the face value of the bond.
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An investor can design a risky portfolio based on two stocks, A and B. Stock A has an expected return of 16% and a standard deviation of return of 35%. Stock B has an expected return of 11% and a standard deviation of return of 20%. The correlation coefficient between the returns of A and B is 0.5. The risk-free rate of return is 8%. The proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B is approximately . (Equation 6.10)
The proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B is 0.75 when a risky portfolio based on two stocks, A and B, is designed. The formula for the proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B is 0.75.The correlation coefficient is used to determine the proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B.
For optimal risky portfolio selection, the standard deviation of the portfolio, which is calculated using the standard deviations of the returns of each stock, is minimized. The covariance between two stock returns, on the other hand, is utilized in the calculation of the optimal risky portfolio's expected return. The proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B, according to Equation 6.10, is given as 0.75.
The correlation coefficient is used in Equation 6.10 to determine the proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B. The formula for the proportion of the optimal risky portfolio that should be invested in stock B is as follows:
Proportion of optimal risky portfolio invested in stock B = (σARB − ρσAσB)/(σ2A + σ2B − 2ρσAσB)When σA is 35%, σB is 20%, and ρ is 0.5, substituting in the formula yields a proportion of the optimal risky portfolio invested in stock B of 0.75.
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A firm’s free cash flow in Year 1 is $2.5 million. If the expected long-run free cash flow growth rate for this company is 5%, the weighted average cost of capital is 11%. The company has $5 million in short-term investments and $3 million in debt, and 2 million shares outstanding, what is the estimated intrinsic stock price?
The estimated intrinsic stock price is found to be $41.25 for the long-run free cash.
Given that a firm's free cash flow in Year 1 is $2.5 million, the expected long-run free cash flow growth rate for this company is 5%, the weighted average cost of capital is 11%, the company has $5 million in short-term investments and $3 million in debt, and 2 million shares outstanding.
The estimated intrinsic stock price is: $41.25
The formula for intrinsic stock price is written as:
P₀ = FCF₁ / (r - g)
where,
FCF₁ = Free cash flow in year 1 = $2.5 million
g = Expected long-run free cash flow growth rate = 5%
r = Weighted average cost of capital = 11%
So, substituting the values of the given variables in the above formula, we have:
P₀ = $2.5 million / (11% - 5%)
P₀ = $2.5 million / 6%
P₀ = $41.67 million
Number of shares outstanding = 2 million
Therefore, the estimated intrinsic stock price is:
$41.67 million / 2 million
= $41.25
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. Choose a distinctive city (anywhere in the world) and approximate that city's geography within SimCity by altering the terrain in the game. Attempt to replicate the zoning and transportation characteristics of the area (a very rough approximation for both is sufficient). Allow the city to evolve over 100 years (hint: increase the game speed if you do not want to wait) then answer the following questions.
(a) How does the simulation compare to the actual city? (b) Have the most densely developed and populated areas occurred in the same places? Explain. (c) Observe the RCI graphs. Do you think this is similar to the city for which you have made your model? (d) Examine the desirability indicators for the various forms of residential, commercial, and industrial activity. Are these similar to the real world city? (For example, do high wealth residents in the simulation desire the same areas they do in the real world city?)
a) The simulation in SimCity provides a rough approximation of the chosen city's geography, zoning, and transportation characteristics.
How does the simulation compare to the actual city?The simulation in SimCity serves as a simplified representation of the chosen city's geography, zoning, and transportation.
While it cannot capture all the nuances and complexities of the real city, it provides a general sense of how these aspects might interact and evolve over time. The terrain alterations in the game can give a basic idea of the topography of the city, while zoning and transportation options allow for a rough approximation of land use and connectivity.
The simulation in SimCity is influenced by a variety of factors, including player decisions and the game's algorithms. It attempts to replicate real-world dynamics, but it may not perfectly reflect the specific characteristics of the chosen city.
The placement and growth of densely developed and populated areas in the simulation could be influenced by various factors, such as proximity to resources, transportation infrastructure, or player strategy. Therefore, the alignment of these areas in the simulation with the real city will depend on how accurately these factors are represented and simulated in the game.
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businessfinancefinance questions and answerschoose the response that correctly completes the next sentence. a recent change in the law allows eligible employees of privately held corporations to: elect to postpone for up to five years the payment of taxes on the value of qualified stock acquired through the exercise of employee stock options and/or restricted stock units. postpone for up to five
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Question: Choose The Response That Correctly Completes The Next Sentence. A Recent Change In The Law Allows Eligible Employees Of Privately Held Corporations To: Elect To Postpone For Up To Five Years The Payment Of Taxes On The Value Of Qualified Stock Acquired Through The Exercise Of Employee Stock Options And/Or Restricted Stock Units. Postpone For Up To Five
Choose the response that correctly completes the next sentence. A recent change in the law allows eligible employees of privately held corporations to:
Elect to postpone for up to five years the payment of taxes on the value of qualified stock acquired through the exercise of employee stock options and/or restricted stock units.
Postpone for up to five years the payment of capital gain taxes on the sale of stock acquired through the exercise of employee stock options.
Receive cash in lieu of company stock.
Sell restricted stock units back to the company
The correct response is: Elect to postpone for up to five years the payment of taxes on the value of qualified stock acquired through the exercise of employee stock options and/or restricted stock units.
The recent change in the law allows eligible employees of privately held corporations to choose the option of deferring the payment of taxes on the value of qualified stock. This applies specifically to stock that is acquired through the exercise of employee stock options and/or restricted stock units. By electing this option, employees can delay the tax payment for a period of up to five years, providing them with potential tax benefits and flexibility in managing their finances. It is important to note that this provision pertains to the deferral of taxes, not the elimination of taxes altogether.
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Requirment of documents on behalf of this dream house project in
Ontario
The required documents for a dream house project in Ontario may include building permits, architectural plans, construction contracts, proof of insurance, and environmental/zoning permits.
When undertaking a dream house project in Ontario, it is crucial to ensure compliance with local building codes and regulations. The first step is obtaining a building permit, which involves submitting detailed architectural plans and specifications of the proposed construction.
These plans should outline the design, layout, and structural aspects of the house. Additionally, construction contracts and proof of insurance are typically required to protect all parties involved in the project.
Depending on the location and nature of the project, additional documents may be necessary. This could include environmental assessments or permits if the construction site is near protected areas or involves certain environmental considerations.
Zoning permits may also be required to ensure that the project aligns with the designated land use in the area. It is essential to research and comply with all relevant regulations to ensure a smooth and legally compliant dream house project in Ontario.
Consulting with professionals such as architects, contractors, and local authorities can provide valuable guidance on the specific documentation required for your project.
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Consider the bank capital experiment we ran in class on October 13. Recall that those who lived in Country A could start a bank by putting $3 of equity into it, borrowing $97 from depositors, and using this $100 to make a risky commercial real estate loan. Those who lived in Country B had to put $15 of equity in if they wanted to start a bank, borrowing $85 from depositors and using this $100 to make a similar risky real estate loan. In each country, depositors were complacent about the use of their funds because they had federal deposit insurance guarantees from their taxpayers. Note that at the point when a bank made a loan of $100, the loan is a bank asset worth $100. Recall that banks had limited liability, so the most bank owners could lose is the value of their equity. (a) (10pts) Consider the two reasons why the taxpayers who would fund a deposit insurance bailout prefer the 15% capital-to-asset requirement of Country B rather than the 3% capital-to-asset requirement of Country A. Describe those two reasons.
The taxpayers who would fund a deposit insurance bailout prefer the 15% capital-to-asset requirement of Country B over the 3% capital-to-asset requirement of Country A for two main reasons:
Risk Mitigation: The higher capital-to-asset requirement in Country B provides a larger cushion against potential losses for the banks. By requiring banks in Country B to have 15% capital, it ensures that the bank owners have a higher stake in the bank's assets. This means that if the risky real estate loans turn sour and the bank suffers losses, the bank's equity would absorb a larger portion of the losses before depositors' funds are at risk.
In contrast, the lower 3% capital requirement in Country A leaves the bank with a smaller buffer, increasing the chances of depositors' funds being at risk in case of loan defaults. Taxpayers prefer the higher capital requirement as it reduces the potential burden on public funds in the event of a bailout.
Moral Hazard Prevention: The higher capital requirement in Country B acts as a deterrent to reckless lending and promotes responsible risk management by banks. When banks have a larger proportion of their own capital at stake, they are more incentivized to exercise caution and prudence in their lending practices.
This reduces the likelihood of excessive risk-taking and moral hazard, where banks may engage in overly risky activities assuming that deposit insurance will cover any potential losses. The 15% capital requirement in Country B signals a commitment to financial stability and encourages banks to adopt safer lending practices, ultimately reducing the probability of a deposit insurance bailout and lessening the burden on taxpayers.
Overall, the taxpayers prefer the 15% capital-to-asset requirement of Country B because it provides better risk mitigation and promotes responsible banking practices, reducing the potential need for a deposit insurance bailout and minimizing the impact on public funds.
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Filer Manufacturing has 5,183,628 shares of common stock outstanding. The current share price is $40.76, and the book value per share is $5.01. Filer Manufacturing also has two bond issues outstanding. The first bond issue has a face value of $49,419,490, has a 0.05 coupon, matures in 10 years and sells for 83 percent of par. The second issue has a face value of $77,015,974, has a 0.06 coupon, matures in 20 years, and sells for 92 percent of par.
The most recent dividend was $0.53 and the dividend growth rate is 0.06. Assume that the overall cost of debt is the weighted average of that implied by the two outstanding debt issues. Both bonds make semiannual payments. The tax rate is 0.37.
What is Filer's WACC? Enter the answer with 4 decimals (e.g. 0.2345)
It is the total cost of financing that a business incurs. This takes into account the cost of all types of financing, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other long-term debt.
The following is the formula for calculating WACC:[tax]WACC = E/V \times R_ e + D/V \times R_ d \times (1 - T_ c)[/tax] Where: E = the market value of the company's equity D = the market value of the company's debt V = E + DRe = cost of equity Rd = cost of debt Tc = corporate tax rate Filer Manufacturing has 5,183,628 shares of common stock outstanding.
The current share price of $40.76. There are two outstanding bond offerings for Filer Manufacturing. The first bond offering has a $49,419,490 face value, a 0.05 coupon, a 10-year maturity, and is sold for 83 percent of par. The second issuance is worth 92 percent of par and has a face value of $77,015,974, a 0.06 coupon, and it matures in 20 years. The dividend growth rate is 0.06 and the most recent dividend was $0.53.
The tax rate is 0.37. The following are the calculations: Calculating the market value of equity: Market value of equity = number of shares x share price= 5,183,628 x $40.76= $211,113,217.28Calculating the market value of debt: Market value of debt = value of bond 1 + value of bond 2= $49,419,490 × 0.83 + $77,015,974 × 0.92= $118,058,053.36
Calculating the total market value of the company: Total value = market value of equity + market value of debt= $211,113,217.28 + $118,058,053.36= $329,171,270.64Calculating the cost of equity: Cost of equity = Dividend yield + growth rate= (Dividend per share/Market value per share) + growth rate= ($0.53/$40.76) + 0.06= 0.07
How to determine the cost of debt: Cost of debt is equal to the product of the coupon rate and the par value. Bond 1 = (0.05 x $49,419,490)/($49,419,490 × 0.83)= 0.06024= 6.024%= Bond 2 = (0.06 x $77,015,974)/($77,015,974 × 0.92)= 0.06522= 6.522%.
Average Weighted Cost of Debt (Wd) = [0.83 (0.83 + 0.92) * 6.024%] + [0.92/(0.83+0.92) * 6.522%]6.38 or 0.0638 when calculating the WACC:WACC is equal to (E/V x Re) + (D/V x Rd x (1 - Tc)) = [(211,113,217.28/329,171,270.64) x 0.07] + [(118,058,053.36/329,171,270.64) x 6.38 x (1 - 0.37)].= 0.0413 or 4.13%
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