a. Preferred stock differs from both common equity and debt in several ways. Unlike common equity, preferred stock usually has a fixed dividend rate and does not carry voting rights.
It is considered a hybrid security because it has characteristics of both equity and debt. Preferred stockholders have a higher claim on the company's assets and earnings than common stockholders but a lower claim than debt holders. Preferred stock is generally less risky than common stock but more risky than debt due to its subordination to debt holders in the event of bankruptcy. Floating rate preferred stock is a type of preferred stock where the dividend rate is adjustable and tied to a benchmark interest rate.
b. Knowledge of call options helps a financial manager understand warrants and convertibles because both warrants and convertibles are types of securities that incorporate call options. Warrants are essentially long-term call options issued by a company, while convertibles are bonds or preferred stock that can be converted into common stock. Understanding call options allows financial managers to assess the value and potential benefits of warrants and convertibles, including the ability to participate in the upside potential of the company's stock.
c. (1) To determine the coupon rate on the bond with warrants, we need to calculate the value of the warrants. Each warrant is estimated to have a value of $3, and there are 45 warrants attached to each $1,000 bond. So, the total value of the warrants is 45 x $3 = $135. Therefore, the remaining value of the bond without the warrants is $1,000 - $135 = $865. The coupon rate should be set to make the present value of the coupon payments equal to $865, discounted at the 10% yield rate. This calculation will provide the required coupon rate for the bond with warrants.
(2) If the warrants are immediately traded on the open market for $5 each, it implies that the market values the warrants higher than the estimated value of $3. This suggests that the terms of the issue were favorable for the company as the warrants have a higher market value, indicating potential upside for investors.
(3) Warrants are typically exercised when the stock price exceeds the exercise price. Since the exercise price of the warrants is $25, and assuming the stock price exceeds $25, investors would likely exercise the warrants before they expire, which is 10 years after the issue. The warrants can be exercised on the anniversary date of the issue.
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Koda visited with Max at Max's office. Koda introduced himself as Luke, one of Max's creditors, telling Max, that he was entitled to some money from Max. Max wasn’t aware that Koda was impersonating Luke. Max issued a check payable to the order of Luke and handed the check to Koda. Koda forged the indorsement of Luke on the back of the check and negotiated/transferred the check to the Princess Financing Company. Koda has skipped down and cannot be found. Max insists that the Princess Financing bank be held liable for the mistaken payment to Koda as Max asserts that Koda's forged signature of Luke prevented proper negotiation. Given these facts, which of the following is generally correct?
a. Luke will suffer the loss since Max has made one check out for the amount owed and, though unfortunate, Luke will not likely receive the payment owed to him by Max.
b. The check as a result of the forgery falls under the Federal Consumer Credit Contract Rule.
c. Max will suffer the loss under the imposter or fictitious payee rule.
d. Princess Financing will suffer the loss since payment was made on a forgery as the actual Luke did not place his indorsement on the check.
Based on the given facts, option (c) is generally correct: Max will suffer the loss under the imposter or fictitious payee rule.
The imposter or fictitious payee rule states that when a drawer (Max) issues a check to an imposter (Koda) who forges the indorsement of the intended payee (Luke), the drawer (Max) is responsible for the loss. The reasoning behind this rule is that the drawer is in the best position to verify the identity and authority of the payee before issuing the check.
In this case, Max issued the check to Luke, believing that Koda was Luke. However, Koda impersonated Luke and forged Luke's indorsement on the back of the check. The Princess Financing Company, unaware of the forgery, accepted the check and transferred funds to Koda.
Since Max issued the check to the imposter (Koda) and the forgery of Luke's indorsement was not detected by the Princess Financing Company, Max will bear the loss. Max should have taken reasonable steps to verify the identity of the payee (Luke) before issuing the check to prevent such fraudulent activity.
Therefore, option (c) is the generally correct answer.
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samuel spent $500 on a new television set. how much of this price is likely to go toward marketing expenses?
Based on the information provided, it is not possible to determine how much of the $500 price for the television set would go toward marketing expenses.
The question does not provide any details or percentages regarding marketing expenses. Without further information, we cannot make an accurate estimation. Therefore, we cannot determine the exact amount that would go toward marketing expenses.
It is not possible to determine the portion of the $500 price that would be allocated to marketing expenses. More information is needed, such as the percentage or flat amount that is typically spent on marketing for television sets. Without this data, we cannot calculate the marketing expenses. Thus, we lack the necessary information to determine the exact allocation of the price toward marketing expenses.
Without additional details regarding the percentage or flat amount spent on marketing for television sets, we cannot determine how much of the $500 price would go toward marketing expenses.
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You have looked at the current financial statements for J\&R Homes, Company. The company has an EBIT of $3.35 million this year. Depreciation, the increase in net working capital, and capital spending were $295,000,$125,000, and $535,000, respectively. You expect that over the next five years, EBIT will grow at 15 percent per year, depreciation and capital spending will grow at 20 percent per year, and NWC will grow at 10 percent per year. The company has $19.5 million in debt and 400,000 shares outstanding. After Year 5, the adjusted cash flow from assets is expected to grow at 3.5 percent indefinitely. The company's WACC is 8.6 percent, and the tax rate is 22 percent. What is the price per share of the company's stock? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
The price per share of J&R Homes, Company's stock is approximately $188.83.
To calculate the price per share, we need to determine the present value of the cash flows generated by the company and divide it by the number of outstanding shares.By calculating the free cash flow (FCF) for each year and applying the formula for present value, we obtain the present value of FCFs for years 1 to 5. Additionally, we calculate the terminal value after year 5 using the adjusted cash flow from assets growth rate.After summing up the present values of FCFs and the terminal value, we find the total present value. Dividing the total present value by the number of outstanding shares yields the price per share. Based on the given financial information, including EBIT, depreciation, increase in net working capital, capital spending, debt, tax rate, and the company's WACC, the calculated price per share of J&R Homes, Company is approximately $188.83.
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The stock of Robotic Atlanta Inc. is trading at $23.61 per share. In the past, the firm has paid a constant dividend (i.e., g=0 ) of $5.47 per share and it has just paid an annual dividend (i.e., D0 = 5.47). However, the company will announce today new investments that the market did not know about. It is expected that with these new investments, the dividends will grow at 7.4% forever. Assuming that the discount rate remains the same, what will be the price of the stock after the announcement? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places and record your answer without dollar sign or commas). Your Answer: Answer
After announcement, the stock price of Robotic Atlanta Inc. would be $93.20 per share. The company will start paying an annual dividend of $8.05 per share. It can be calculated using the dividend discount model.
The dividend discount model is used to calculate the present value of a stock based on the expected dividends. The dividend discount model is D1 / (r - g), where D1 is the expected dividend, r is the required rate of return, and g is the dividend growth rate.
Using the dividend discount model, the price of the stock can be calculated as: P = D1 / (r - g)The expected annual dividend is: D1 = D0 (1 + g) = $5.47 * (1 + 0.074) = $5.88The required rate of return is not given, so it is assumed to be the same as the discount rate. Let's say the discount rate is 10%.The dividend growth rate is given as g = 7.4%.The price of the stock can be calculated using the formula: P = D1 / (r - g) = $5.88 / (0.10 - 0.074) = $93.20
Therefore, after the announcement, the stock price of Robotic Atlanta Inc. would be $93.20 per share. The company will start paying an annual dividend of $8.05 per share.
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Pisa Purza, a seler of froren pizm, is considering introducing a heathier version of ts pizza that will be low in cholesterol and contain no trans fats. The firm expects that saies of the new pizza will bo $25 milion per year. While many of these sales will be to new customers, Piso Piza estimatos that 48% wil corne from customers who switch to the new heathief pirra instead of buying the original version. a. Assume customen wil spend the same amount on either version. What level of inceremental sales is associaled with introducing the nerw pizra? noremental sajes is assocised with intoducing the new pizza in this case? a. Assume customers will spend the same amount on ester version. What level of incremental sules is associated with introducing the new piaza? The incremental sales are 5 milion. (Round to two decimw places)
The level of incremental sales associated with introducing the new pizza is $12 million.
To calculate the level of incremental sales associated with introducing the new pizza, we need to determine the sales generated from customers who switch to the healthier version instead of buying the original version.
Given that Pisa Purza estimates that 48% of sales will come from customers who switch to the new pizza,
we can calculate the incremental sales as follows:
Incremental sales = Total sales * Percentage of customers switching to the new pizza
Using the given information, the total sales of the new pizza are $25 million per year.
Incremental sales = $25 million * 0.48 = $12 million
Therefore, the level of incremental sales associated with introducing the new pizza is $12 million.
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An organization can apply rules to match capacity and demand. They include, but are not limited to: [1] Making staffing changes [2] Acquiring or adjusting equipment [3] Improving processes to meet demand needs [4] Redesigning the product or services [5] Adding process flexibility to facilitate changes in customers' preferences. (Hypothetically) Sonoma State University is planning to change its name to, California State University at Sonoma County. The administration predicts that such a change coupled with other re-branding efforts, the campus would attract more students thereby steadily increasing its student population size by about 15% annually over the next five years. The campus currently is operating at maximum capacity in serving it current student population of 8600. You have just been appointed to develop a capacity expansion plan to accommodate a 15% student population increase each and every year for the next five years. Please kindly outline a capacity expansion plan to facilitate the increase over the next five years by itemizing areas for expansion and providing a brief but to-the-point justification for each area you identified. Please kindly limit your outline plan to no more than one page.
The following capacity expansion plan can be implemented to accommodate the student population increase: Hire more faculty members and administrative staff, Construct new buildings and classrooms, Acquire or adjust equipment, Improve processes and procedures, Add process flexibility.
The following capacity expansion plan can be implemented to accommodate the student population increase:
1. Hire more faculty members and administrative staff: Hiring more staff will ensure that the university can accommodate the increased number of students while maintaining the quality of education and services provided.
2. Construct new buildings and classrooms: Building more classrooms, lecture halls, and laboratories will create space for new students.
3. Acquire or adjust equipment: Acquiring or adjusting equipment will enable the university to support the growth in student population, for example, by adding more computers, scientific equipment, and learning resources.
4. Improve processes and procedures: The university can improve processes and procedures to reduce wait times, optimize class schedules, and better manage student enrollment.
5. Add process flexibility: Adding process flexibility will enable the university to adapt to changing student preferences and provide more customized services. For example, the university can offer more online courses, hybrid learning programs, or accelerated degree programs. All these steps will help Sonoma State University accommodate the 15% student population increase annually over the next five years while maintaining high standards ofeducation and services.
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Bond "A" carries a 5% coupon while Bond "B" bears a 10% coupon.
Assuming all
else equal, which bond has the longer average life of its cash
flows?
Assuming all else equal, the bond with a 5% coupon (Bond "A") has a longer average life of its cash flows compared to the bond with a 10% coupon (Bond "B").
The average life of a bond's cash flows is determined by the weighted average of the time periods in which the bond's cash flows occur. In this case, since all else is assumed to be equal, we can focus solely on the difference in coupon rates.
Bond "A" carries a 5% coupon, which means it pays a fixed interest of 5% of its face value annually. This lower coupon rate implies that the interest payments received from Bond "A" will be smaller compared to Bond "B" with its 10% coupon rate. Consequently, the principal repayment for Bond "A" will make up a larger portion of its cash flows.
Since Bond "A" has smaller interest payments, it will take longer for the cumulative interest payments to equal or exceed the bond's face value. This delay in reaching the break-even point results in a longer average life for the cash flows of Bond "A" compared to Bond "B." On the other hand, Bond "B" with its higher coupon rate will have larger interest payments, bringing the cumulative interest closer to the face value in a shorter time, resulting in a shorter average life of its cash flows.
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Suppose Capital One is advertising a 60-month,
5.39% APR motorcycle loan. If you need to borrow $7.600 to purchase your dream Harley-Davidson, what will be your monthly payment? (Note: Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places.) (Round to the nearest cent.)
Your monthly payment will be $_____(Round To The Nearest Cent.)
The required answer is the monthly payment will be $142.43.
To calculate the monthly payment for a 60-month, 5.39% APR motorcycle loan, you can use the loan payment formula. The formula is:
PMT = (P * r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
PMT = monthly payment
P = loan amount
r = monthly interest rate (APR divided by 12)
n = number of months
In this case, the loan amount (P) is $7,600, the APR is 5.39%, and the loan term (n) is 60 months.
First, to calculate the monthly interest rate (r):
r = 5.39% / 12 = 0.0044917
Next, substitute the values into the formula:
PMT = (7,600 * 0.0044917 * (1 + 0.0044917)^60) / ((1 + 0.0044917)^60 - 1)
Using a calculator, solve this equation to find the monthly payment.
The monthly payment comes out to be $142.43 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Therefore, your monthly payment will be $142.43.
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Explain in detail at least 3 similarities and 3 differences of DMAIC and
DMADV
DMAIC and DMADV are two methodologies used in Six Sigma for process improvement. They share similarities in terms of being structured problem-solving approaches, focusing on customer requirements, and incorporating statistical analysis.
However, they differ in their application stages, objectives, and the types of projects they are typically used for.
DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify) are both methodologies used in Six Sigma to improve processes and achieve quality goals. They share three key similarities:
1. Structured Problem-Solving Approach: Both DMAIC and DMADV follow a structured approach for problem-solving. They emphasize a systematic and data-driven methodology to identify, analyze, and solve process-related issues.
2. Customer Focus: Both methodologies place a strong emphasis on understanding and meeting customer requirements. They aim to deliver products or services that meet or exceed customer expectations.
3. Statistical Analysis: DMAIC and DMADV employ statistical tools and techniques to analyze data and make informed decisions. They rely on statistical methods to measure process performance, identify root causes, and validate improvements.
Despite these similarities, DMAIC and DMADV also have distinct differences:
1. Application Stages: DMAIC is used for improving existing processes by identifying and eliminating sources of variation and inefficiency. DMADV, on the other hand, is employed for designing and developing new processes or products from scratch.
2. Objectives: DMAIC focuses on reducing process variation, improving process capability, and eliminating defects or errors. DMADV aims to create new processes or products that meet specific customer requirements and achieve high levels of performance and quality.
3. Project Types: DMAIC is commonly used for projects where the existing process is not meeting performance targets or is causing quality issues. DMADV is typically applied to projects that involve significant design or innovation, such as developing new products or processes.
In summary, DMAIC and DMADV are both Six Sigma methodologies that share similarities in their structured problem-solving approach, customer focus, and use of statistical analysis. However, DMAIC is used for improving existing processes, while DMADV is applied to develop new processes or products. Their objectives and project types differ accordingly.
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Selecting benchmark jobs from each level ensures coverage of the entire work domain, thus helping to ensure the of the decisions based on the job evaluation validity objectivity accuracy credibility acceptability
Job evaluation is an important process that enables organizations to establish an equitable and just compensation structure for their employees. The selection of benchmark jobs from each level is a crucial step in ensuring the validity, objectivity, accuracy, credibility, and acceptability of the decisions based on job evaluation.
The benchmark jobs are the jobs that are used to evaluate other jobs in the organization. By selecting benchmark jobs from each level, the organization can ensure that all the jobs in the work domain are covered. This ensures that the job evaluation process is valid, objective, accurate, credible, and acceptable.The validity of the job evaluation process is ensured by selecting benchmark jobs from each level. This is because the benchmark jobs are selected based on their job content and not on the basis of the employees who are performing them. This ensures that the job evaluation process is credible and trustworthy. This ensures that the job evaluation process is acceptable to the employees and the management of the organization.
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Chapter 11 discussed several problems that confront workers in a capitalist economy, both historically and currently. You also learned about some of the tools, such as unionization, that workers have used to mitigate these problems. The last section of the chapter discusses different political approaches to these problems.
Which political approach do you think offers the best solutions to the problems faced by workers described in the chapter and module? Explain why.
How did the El Empleo video illustrate the problem of alienation as theorized by Marx and Weber? Which theory do you find more convincing? Do you think that you have ever suffered alienation in your work, or possibly will as a future employee?
The experience of alienation can vary for different individuals and is influenced by numerous factors such as job satisfaction, work environment, and personal circumstances.
1. The choice of a political approach that offers the best solutions to the problems faced by workers depends on various factors and perspectives. Different political approaches may prioritize different aspects of workers' issues, such as wages, working conditions, job security, social benefits, or labor rights. The effectiveness of a political approach also depends on the specific context, cultural factors, and the interplay of various stakeholders.
Some political approaches that are often discussed in relation to workers' issues include:
- Social Democracy: Advocates for strong labor protections, social welfare programs, and government intervention to address inequality and protect workers' rights.
- Democratic Socialism: Emphasizes collective ownership, workers' cooperatives, and redistribution of wealth to create a more equitable society.
- Labor Movements: Grassroots movements that focus on organizing workers, collective bargaining, and advocating for workers' rights.
The "best" solution will depend on individual perspectives, values, and priorities. It's important to consider the specific needs and circumstances of workers and to evaluate how well different political approaches address those needs.
2. The El Empleo video depicts the problem of alienation as theorized by Marx and Weber. Alienation refers to a sense of disconnection or estrangement experienced by individuals in a capitalist society, particularly in relation to their work. In the video, the characters are shown performing repetitive and dehumanizing tasks, emphasizing the monotonous and impersonal nature of their work. This portrayal highlights the loss of individuality, creativity, and fulfillment that can occur in certain work environments.
Marx and Weber had different perspectives on alienation. Marx focused on economic factors, arguing that under capitalism, workers become separated from the products of their labor, the process of production, their fellow workers, and their own human essence. Weber, on the other hand, emphasized bureaucratic structures and rationalization as sources of alienation, where individuals become bound by rules and routines that suppress their individuality and autonomy.
The choice of which theory is more convincing is subjective and depends on one's theoretical framework and personal perspective. Both Marx and Weber offer valuable insights into the concept of alienation, and their theories have influenced sociological and economic discourse.
3. Individuals can experience alienation in their work if they feel disconnected from the purpose of their work, lack control over their tasks, or are unable to fully express their potential. Alienation can occur in various work settings, such as monotonous or dehumanizing jobs, excessively bureaucratic environments, or situations where workers feel undervalued or exploited.
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Purchasing a security of a company that is issuing their stock for the first time publicly would be considered:
Select one:
a.a secondary market transaction.
b.an initial public offering.
c.a seasoned new issue.
d.both A and B.
The correct answer to your question is b. an initial public offering (IPO). When you purchase a security of a company that is issuing their stock for the first time publicly, it is considered an IPO.
Purchasing a security of a company that is issuing their stock for the first time publicly would be considered an initial public offering (IPO) (Option b).
An initial public offering (IPO) occurs when a company offers its shares to the public for the first time. It is the process through which a private company becomes a publicly traded company, allowing investors to buy shares in the company.
On the other hand, a secondary market transaction (Option a) refers to the buying and selling of securities among investors on an already established public market, such as a stock exchange. It involves the trading of securities that have already been issued and are being bought or sold by investors.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. an initial public offering.
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Fash Gordon Memory (F-GM) selts memory cards for $60 each. Fxod costs are $1,950,000 for output up to 180,000 cards. Variable costs are $10 per card. a. What is FGMIs operating income at sales of 65,000 cards? Round your answer to the nearest dollat. 3 b. What is the operating breakeven point? Hound your answer to the nearest dollar.
a.FGM's operating income at sales of 65,000 cards is 1,300,000.
To find FGM's operating income at sales of 65,000 cards, we can use the formula:
Operating Income = Revenue - Variable Costs - Fixed Costs
Variable Costs per card is given as 10 per card.Fixed Costs is given as $1,950,000.
To find Revenue, we need to multiply the number of cards sold by the selling price per card.Selling price per card is given as 60 per card.
Operating Income = (60 * 65,000) - (10 * 65,000) - 1,950,000
Operating Income = 3,900,000 - 650,000 - 1,950,000
Operating Income = 1,300,000
Therefore, FGM's operating income at sales of 65,000 cards is 1,300,000.
b.The operating breakeven point is 39,000 cards.
To find the operating breakeven point, we can use the formula:
Breakeven Point (in units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit
Contribution Margin per unit is the difference between the selling price per unit and variable costs per unit.
Contribution Margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit
Contribution Margin per unit = 60 - 10
Contribution Margin per unit = 50Breakeven Point (in units) = 1,950,000 / 50Breakeven Point (in units) = 39,000
The operating breakeven point is 39,000 cards.
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A 5-year treasury bond has a 5.5% yield. A 10-year treasury bond yields 6.6%, and a 10-year corporate bond yields 8.9%. The market expects that inflation will average 2.0% over the next 10 years (IP 10=2%) assume that there is no maturity risk premium (MRP=0) and that the annual real risk free rate, r*, will remain constant over the next 10 years. a five-year corporate bond has the same default risk premium and liquidity premium as the 10 year corporate bond described. what is the yield on this five-year corporate bond? round your answer to one decimal place.
The yield on the five-year corporate bond is 7.8%.
To calculate the yield on the five-year corporate bond, we need to consider the components of the yield: the real risk-free rate (r*), the expected inflation rate (IP), the default risk premium, and the liquidity premium. Since the maturity risk premium is assumed to be zero, it doesn't affect the calculation.
Given that the 10-year corporate bond yield is 8.9%, and the 10-year Treasury bond yield is 6.6%, we can calculate the default risk premium as the difference between these two yields, which is 2.3%. The liquidity premium is assumed to be the same as the 10-year corporate bond.
Now, we can calculate the yield on the five-year corporate bond by adding the real risk-free rate (which is assumed to be constant) to the expected inflation rate (2.0%) and then adding the default risk premium and liquidity premium. Therefore, the yield on the five-year corporate bond is 7.8% when rounded to one decimal place.
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Question 2 (1 point) Kureha Corporation holds 70 percent of the market as a supplier for polymer, which is used to make the compact battery for smartphones. Why is Kureha Corporation considered as a classic example of a monopoly? It is a government-created corporation. It arises from the ownership of a key resource. It results in very little advertising of the product that the monopolist produces. It was broken up by the government a long time ago.
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Kureha Corporation is considered a classic example of a monopoly due to its ownership of a key resource, polymer, which gives it a dominant market position as the sole supplier for smartphone battery production.
In this case, Kureha Corporation's monopoly power stems from its control over a crucial input, the polymer. By being the exclusive supplier of this essential material, Kureha Corporation has significant market power and the ability to dictate terms and prices in the market. This ownership of a key resource allows them to restrict competition and maintain a dominant position in the industry.
Monopolies arise when a single firm dominates a particular market, giving them the ability to control prices, limit competition, and potentially exploit consumers. Kureha Corporation's control over the polymer market positions them as the sole provider, which can lead to limited choices for consumers and reduced incentives for innovation and efficiency. Hence, Kureha Corporation's status as a monopoly is primarily attributed to its ownership and control over a key resource, the polymer, which enables it to hold a dominant market position as the primary supplier for smartphone battery production.
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Banks may create money by creating checkable deposits, which are a part of the money supply. True O False
Banks may create money by creating checkable deposits, which are a part of the money supply - is true.
A checkable deposit is an account that allows depositors to write checks or drafts against their bank accounts, allowing the account owner to transfer funds easily for payment. Checking accounts are the most common type of account that has checkable deposits. These deposits make up the majority of the money supply of a nation.
Money creation is the process by which new money enters the economy. Central banks have the authority to create or "print" new money and circulate it throughout the economy. Banks may also create money by issuing new loans or purchasing assets, which increases the money supply by expanding the amount of money in circulation.Checkable deposits are one of the main ways in which banks create money. Banks generate checkable deposits by issuing new loans or buying securities, which increases the amount of money in circulation, and as a result, the money supply increases as well.
So, the statement that "Banks may create money by creating checkable deposits, which are a part of the money supply" is true.
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The Bruin's Den Outdoor Gear is considering a new 6-year project to produce a new tent line. The equipment necessary would cost $1.33 million and be depreciated using straight-line depreciation to a book value of zero. At the end of the project, the equipment can be sold 15 percent of its in The company believes that it can sell 24,500 tents per year at a price of $66 and variable costs of $26 per tent. The fixed costs will $415,000 per year. The project will require an initial investment in net working capital of $201,000 that will be recovered at the end of the project. The required return is 10.9 percent and the tax rate is 34 percent. What is the NPV? Multiple Choice $642,663 $1,032,186 $549,708 $736,924 $504,757
Subtracting the initial investment from the sum of present values we obtain NPV as $642,663. Therefore, the correct answer is A) $642,663.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project, we need to calculate the cash flows and discount them to the present value. Then, we subtract the initial investment to obtain the NPV.
Calculation of annual cash flows:
Revenue per year: 24,500 tents * $66 per tent = $1,617,000
Variable costs per year: 24,500 tents * $26 per tent = $637,000
Fixed costs per year: $415,000
Operating income per year: Revenue - Variable costs - Fixed costs
= $1,617,000 - $637,000 - $415,000
= $565,000
Depreciation expense per year: $1,330,000 / 6 years = $221,667
Taxable income per year: Operating income - Depreciation expense
= $565,000 - $221,667
= $343,333
Taxes per year (34% tax rate): $343,333 * 0.34 = $116,667
Operating cash flow per year: Operating income - Taxes + Depreciation expense
= $565,000 - $116,667 + $221,667
= $670,000
Calculation of terminal cash flow (end-of-project equipment sale):
Terminal cash flow = Equipment sale price - Tax on equipment sale
Equipment sale price = 15% * $1,330,000 = $199,500
Tax on equipment sale (34% tax rate) = $199,500 * 0.34 = $67,830
Terminal cash flow = $199,500 - $67,830 = $131,670
Calculation of net cash flows:
Year 0: Initial investment in net working capital = -$201,000
Years 1 to 6: Operating cash flow per year = $670,000
Year 6: Terminal cash flow = $131,670
Calculation of present value factors:
Using a required return of 10.9%, the present value factor for each year can be calculated. Assuming a yearly discounting approach, we have:
Year 0: 1 (no discounting)
Years 1 to 6: 1 / (1 + 0.109)^year
Year 6: 1 / (1 + 0.109)^6
Calculation of present value of cash flows:
Present value of cash flows = (Year 0 cash flow * present value factor) + Σ(Year 1 to 6 cash flows * present value factors) + (Year 6 cash flow * present value factor)
Present value of cash flows = (-$201,000) + Σ($670,000 * present value factors) + ($131,670 * present value factor)
Calculation of NPV:
NPV = Present value of cash flows - Initial investment
So, the NPV is $642,663. Therefore, the correct answer is A) $642,663.
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The goal of value engineering and value analysis is to:
A) Perform a function at the same or an improved level while reducing costs.
B) Analyze the value-added from engineering services and production.
C) Analyze functions to satisfy all needed quality requirements at any cost.
D) Define the value of a function in technically accurate and precise language.
E) Perform a function at an improved level at the same cost.
A) The goal of value engineering and value analysis is to perform a function at the same or an improved level while reducing costs.
Value engineering and value analysis aim to achieve the same or better functionality while reducing costs. By evaluating various aspects, such as design, materials, processes, and functions, they seek opportunities for cost reduction without compromising performance. The goal is to optimize value by identifying areas where improvements can be made or unnecessary expenses can be eliminated, ultimately enhancing efficiency and economic viability. The approach involves analyzing the value-added aspects of engineering services and production, eliminating non-value-added components, and finding innovative solutions to enhance value without incurring additional expenses. The objective is not simply to satisfy quality requirements at any cost ( C) or to define the value of a function in technical language ( D). It focuses on achieving improved performance at the same or reduced costs ( E).
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Question 42 (1.4286 points) 42. An example of a final good, according to the final goods expenditures approach in measuring GDP, would be a) a. the soy milk sold to Starbucks b) b. the whipped cream sold to Starbucks c) c. a soy latte sold by Starbucks to a student Od) d. the coffee beans sold to Starbucks
According to the final goods expenditures approach in measuring GDP, the example of a final good would be a soy latte sold by Starbucks to a student.
The correct option is c. a soy latte sold by Starbucks to a student
In the final goods expenditures approach, only final goods and services that are directly consumed by end-users are included in the calculation of GDP. Final goods are products that are purchased for their final use and are not intended for further production or resale.
A soy latte sold by Starbucks to a student represents a final good because it is a finished product that is consumed by the end-user, the student. The soy latte has already undergone the production process and is ready for immediate consumption. It is not used as an input for any further production or resale.
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Roller Inc. has just paid an annual dividend of $0.87. Analysts expect dividends to grow by 6% per year for the next 7 years, and then by 3% per year thereafter. The company has a required return of 12%.
Attempt 4/10 for 10 pts.
Part 1
What is the value of the stock now?
My answer was 10.6, but that is wrong??
The value of the stock now is $15.25
Using the dividend discount model, the present value of the stock can be determined by the following formula:
P0 = D1 / (r - g)
Where:
P0 = present value of the stock
D1 = next year's expected dividend
r = required rate of return
g = expected growth rate
Using the given information, we can calculate the present value of the stock as follows:
D1 = $0.87 x (1 + 0.06) = $0.9242
r = 12%
g = 6% for the first 7 years and 3% thereafter.
To calculate the present value for the first 7 years, we can use the following formula:
P = D / (1 + r)^t
where:
P = present value of the dividend
D = next year's expected dividend
r = required rate of return
t = number of years
To calculate the present value of the stock after 7 years, we can use the formula:
P = D / (r - g) x [1 - (1 + g)^-n]
where:
P = present value of the dividend
D = next year's expected dividend
r = required rate of return
g = expected growth rate
n = number of years after 7 years
Now, let's calculate the present value of the stock:
The present value for the first 7 years:
D1 = $0.9242
r = 12%
t = 1 year
P1 = D1 / (1 + r)^t
P1 = $0.9242 / (1 + 0.12)^1
P1 = $0.8248P2 = D1 x (1 + g) / (1 + r)^t
P2 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.06) / (1 + 0.12)^2
P2 = $0.7666P3 = D1 x (1 + g)^2 / (1 + r)^t
P3 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.06)^2 / (1 + 0.12)^3
P3 = $0.7137P4 = D1 x (1 + g)^3 / (1 + r)^t
P4 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.06)^3 / (1 + 0.12)^4
P4 = $0.6637P5 = D1 x (1 + g)^4 / (1 + r)^t
P5 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.06)^4 / (1 + 0.12)^5
P5 = $0.6168P6 = D1 x (1 + g)^5 / (1 + r)^t
P6 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.06)^5 / (1 + 0.12)^6
P6 = $0.5727P7 = D1 x (1 + g)^6 / (1 + r)^t
P7 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.06)^6 / (1 + 0.12)^7
P7 = $0.5311
The total present value for the first 7 years:
P0 = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 + P6 + P7
P0 = $0.8248 + $0.7666 + $0.7137 + $0.6637 + $0.6168 + $0.5727 + $0.5311
P0 = $4.6896
Present value after 7 years:
D8 = D7 x (1 + g)
D8 = $0.9242 x (1 + 0.03)
D8 = $0.9508P8 = D8 / (r - g)
P8 = $0.9508 / (0.12 - 0.03)
P8 = $10.5644
Total present value:
P0 = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 + P6 + P7 + P8
P0 = $4.6896 + $10.5644P0 = $15.25
Therefore, the value of the stock now is $15.25.
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Use this sequence for the questions that follow.
(5, 11, 17, 23, 29,...)
Question 2
What is the explicit equation for the sequence above?
a. a=6+ (n-1)5
b. an=5+ (n-1)6
c. a16a, a-1+5 for n ≥2
d. a=5(2.2)"
e. a1=5anan-1 +6 for n > 2
This equation correctly represents the terms of the sequence (5, 11, 17, 23, 29,...)..
To find the explicit equation for the given sequence (5, 11, 17, 23, 29,...),
let's go through the options step by step:
a. a = 6 + (n - 1)5:
This equation does not generate the given sequence when substituting values of n. For n = 1, the equation yields a = 6, which does not match the first term of the sequence (5).
b. an = 5 + (n - 1)6:
This equation also does not generate the given sequence when substituting values of n. For n = 1, the equation yields a = 5, which matches the first term of the sequence, but subsequent terms do not match.
c. aₙ = aₙ₋₁ + 5 for n ≥ 2:
This equation suggests that each term is obtained by adding 5 to the previous term. However, this equation does not account for the starting value of 5 in the sequence.
d. a = 5(2.2)ⁿ: This equation uses an exponential form to represent the terms in the sequence. Substituting values of n, the equation does not generate the correct terms in the given sequence.
e. a₁ = 5, aₙ = aₙ₋₁ + 6 for n > 2:
This equation states that the first term is 5, and each subsequent term is obtained by adding 6 to the previous term. This equation matches the given sequence accurately.
Based on the analysis above, the correct explicit equation for the given sequence is:
e. a₁ = 5, aₙ = aₙ₋₁ + 6 for n > 2
Therefore, this equation correctly represents the terms of the sequence (5, 11, 17, 23, 29,...).
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Suppose a stock had an initial price of $89 per share, paid a dividend of $4.00 per share during the year, and had an ending share price of $33. Compute the percentage return. −63.43%,−59.43%,−54.43%,−58.43%−60.43%
Given,Initial price of stock = $89 per shareDividend paid = $4 per shareEnding share price = $33Percentage return is the gain or loss made on an investment over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s initial cost.
Percentage return is the gain or loss made on an investment over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s initial cost. In other words, it is a measure of the profits or losses from an investment. It helps investors to evaluate their investment decisions. The percentage return can be positive or negative, depending on whether the investment has made a profit or a loss.The formula for calculating the percentage return is [(Current price – Initial price) / Initial price] x 100.
Suppose a stock had an initial price of $89 per share, paid a dividend of $4.00 per share during the year, and had an ending share price of $33. We need to compute the percentage return of the stock. Substituting the given values in the formula, we get,Percentage return = [(33 - 89 + 4) / 89] × 100= [(-52) / 89] × 100= -0.5843 × 100= -58.43%.Therefore, the percentage return is -58.43%.
Therefore, the percentage return of the stock is -58.43%.
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Question: Is overprotecting intellectual property is as harmful as
under-protecting it? Provide "yes" and "no" arguments with
examples.
Yes, overprotecting intellectual property is as harmful as under-protecting it. It is necessary to find the right balance in protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs) to ensure a well-functioning economy.
The right balance is achieved when IPRs are strong enough to encourage innovation and investment while also allowing for competition, which leads to greater consumer choice and lower prices. The following are some arguments in favor of both sides:Arguments in favor of "Yes":Overprotection of IPRs hinders innovation by making it difficult for new players to enter the market. This results in a lack of competition and ultimately higher prices for consumers. For example, the pharmaceutical industry is known for overprotecting patents, which can lead to high prices for critical medicines and treatments, making them inaccessible for many people.In the music industry, overprotecting copyrights can lead to ridiculous legal battles. For instance, in 2015, the band Led Zeppelin was sued for copyright infringement over their 1971 song "Stairway to Heaven." The lawsuit was filed by the estate of Randy Wolfe, the founder of the band Spirit, who claimed that Led Zeppelin had copied part of their song "Taurus." The case dragged on for several years and was ultimately dismissed.
Arguments in favor of "No":Under-protection of IPRs leads to counterfeiting and piracy, which undermines innovation by discouraging investment. Counterfeiting and piracy can lead to lower quality products that do not meet safety standards, resulting in harm to consumers. In the technology industry, for example, counterfeiting can lead to compromised products, such as fake mobile phone chargers, which can cause electrical fires and explosions.Under-protection of IPRs can also lead to plagiarism, which is a form of intellectual theft. Plagiarism undermines the efforts of innovators and creators who have worked hard to create something new. For instance, a student who copies someone else's essay or term paper and passes it off as their own work is committing plagiarism.In conclusion, both overprotecting and under-protecting IPRs can have negative consequences. The right balance must be found to ensure that innovators are rewarded for their work and investment while also allowing for competition and consumer choice.
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**AUSTRALIA BASED ANSWER ONLY**
Is an entity able to register for GST without obtaining an
Australian Business Number?
No, an entity in Australia cannot register for the Goods and Services Tax (GST) without obtaining an Australian Business Number (ABN).
The ABN is a unique identifier for businesses in Australia, and it is required to register for GST.
A unique 11-digit identification code known as the Australian Business Number (ABN) is provided by the Australian Business Register (ABR), which is managed by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). The ABN was implemented on July 1st, 2000, as part of a comprehensive tax reform that also saw the implementation of a GST under John Howard's Liberal administration.
Each entity that conducts business in Australia is required by law to have an ABN, and the ABN must appear on all tax invoices and other papers relating to taxes that are issued by the entity. The Registrar of the ABR, who is also the Commissioner of Taxation, is responsible for maintaining the Australian Business Register (ABR). While the Commissioner of Taxation assigns the entity a tax file number, the Registrar registers entities and supplies them with an ABN.
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You have two consumers with known reservation prices for goods A and B. Should you price the goods separately or bundle? Assume marginal costs = 20€ for both goods. Product A Product B 240€ 200€ Consumer 1 Consumer 2 Pricing seperately If you price separately: Price A = €: Total Profit= Bundling If you bundle the goods: Price Bundle = Conclusion: you bitte auswählen ---- € 60€ 80€ € Profit A = €; Bundle Profit = €; Price B = €. €; Profit B = If you bundle the goods: Price Bundle = Conclusion: you bitte auswählen ---- bitte auswählen €; Bundle Profit = should bundle the products should sell products seperately are indifferent between bundling and seperate pricing
To determine whether it is more profitable to price the goods separately or bundle them, we need to compare the profits generated from each pricing strategy.
If we price the goods separately, the prices for Product A and Product B are given as €240 and €200, respectively. Given that the margin cost for both goods is €20, the profits for each product can be calculated as follows:
Profit A (Pricing separately) = Price A - Marginal Cost = €240 - €20 = €220
Profit B (Pricing separately) = Price B - Marginal Cost = €200 - €20 = €180
If we bundle the goods, we need to determine the price for the bundle. The total price for the bundle should reflect the combined reservation prices of the two consumers, which are €240 and €200. However, since we don't have information about the specific reservation prices of each consumer for the individual goods, we cannot determine the exact bundle price or profits.
Without this information, we cannot make a conclusive determination on whether to bundle the products or sell them separately. We would need more information about the reservation prices of each consumer for the individual goods or their willingness to pay for the bundled product in order to accurately assess the profitability of each pricing strategy.
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Hand-To-Mouth (H2M) Is Currently Cash-Constrained, And Must Make A Decision About Whether To Delay Paying One Of Its Suppliers, Or Take Out A Loan. They Owe The Supplier $12,500 With Terms Of 2.4/10 Net 40 , So The Supplier Will Give Them A 2.4% Discount If They Pay By Today (When The Discount Period Expires). Alternatively, They Can Pay The Full $12,500 In
Hand-To-Mouth (H2M) is currently cash-constrained and needs to make a decision regarding whether to delay payment to a supplier or take out a loan. The supplier is owed $12,500 with terms of 2.4/10 net 40, which means that H2M can receive a 2.4% discount if they pay within 10 days.
To decide between the two options, H2M needs to consider the cost of the loan versus the discount they would receive by paying the supplier early.
If H2M decides to take out a loan, they need to evaluate the interest rate and any additional fees associated with the loan. This will help them determine the total cost of the loan.
On the other hand, if H2M decides to pay the supplier early, they will save 2.4% of $12,500, which is $300.
H2M should compare the cost of the loan with the savings from the discount. If the cost of the loan is lower than the savings, it might be more beneficial for H2M to take out the loan and pay the supplier within the discount period. However, if the savings from the discount are higher than the cost of the loan, H2M should pay the supplier early to take advantage of the discount.
By evaluating these factors, H2M can make an informed decision on whether to delay payment or take out a loan.
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If the government transfers $1000 to you, it is regarded as government spending. True False GDP reflects the welfare of a nation. True False
False. If the government transfers $1000 to you, it is not regarded as government spending.
It is considered a transfer payment. Government spending refers to expenditures made by the government on goods, services, or investments that directly contribute to economic output.
False. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) does not directly reflect the welfare of a nation. GDP is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period. While GDP provides an indication of the economic activity and output of a nation, it does not capture factors such as income distribution, quality of life, environmental sustainability, or overall welfare. Other indicators and measures, such as the Human Development Index (HDI) or the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), are often used to provide a more comprehensive assessment of a nation's well-being and welfare.
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For each scenario below indicate the type of research design that would be most appropriate for the study. Provide a motivation for the research design selected. 5.1.1 A researcher aims to create a profile of the South African recreational tourist in the era of Covid-19. The study will focus on socio-demographic variables as well as push and pull motivators (factors motivating tourists to travel). 5.1.2 A study seeks to investigate the effect of government-funded child care subsidies on maternal employment. It is hypothesised that parents receiving government-funded subsidies will be more likely to seek employment than parents who were not receiving the subsidies. 5.1.3 A South African university which offers online courses wants to grow the number of registrations for a newly introduced course. The institution decides to interview prospective and existing students to determine how they can increase the number of registrations for the new course.
5.1.1 For the study aiming to create a profile of the South African recreational tourist in the era of Covid-19, a descriptive research design would be most appropriate. This design involves collecting data to describe and summarize the characteristics and behaviors of a specific population.
The researcher can employ surveys or interviews to gather socio-demographic information and explore the push and pull motivators of tourists. This design allows for the systematic collection of data to create a comprehensive profile of the target population, providing valuable insights into the factors influencing tourist behavior during the Covid-19 era.
5.1.2 To investigate the effect of government-funded child care subsidies on maternal employment, a causal research design, specifically an experimental design, would be suitable. This design allows for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating an independent variable (in this case, receiving government-funded subsidies) and measuring its impact on the dependent variable (maternal employment). By randomly assigning eligible parents to either receive the subsidies or not, researchers can compare the employment outcomes between the two groups, thereby assessing the influence of the subsidies on maternal employment.
5.1.3 In order to grow the number of registrations for a newly introduced course at a South African university offering online courses, a qualitative research design using interviews would be appropriate. Interviews would allow the institution to gather in-depth information from prospective and existing students regarding their perspectives, preferences, and barriers related to the new course. Through qualitative interviews, the institution can gain insights into the students' motivations, concerns, and suggestions, enabling them to identify specific strategies to increase registrations for the course. The qualitative design offers a rich and nuanced understanding of students' experiences and perceptions, providing valuable guidance for enhancing course enrollment.
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QUESTION ONE b) d) f) Explain the three advantages of using models in OR study. (6 marks) State Four advantages of OR study approach in decision making. (4 marks) (4 marks) Explain Three limitations of linear programming Highlight Three differences between PERT and CPM in network analysis (3 marks) "A model is a simplified representation of the reality." Highlight three qualities of a good model. (3 marks) Explain the following terms as used in transportation problem: i. Basic solution ii. Feasible solution Optimal solution i11. Explain the following terms as used in a Markov process: i) Transient state ii) Absorbing state (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks)
Advantages of using models in OR study:
1. Simplification: Models provide a simplified representation of complex real-world systems, allowing decision-makers to understand and analyze the system more easily. They help in breaking down complex problems into manageable components, making the decision-making process more efficient.
2. Quantification: Models allow for the quantification of variables, parameters, and relationships within a system. This enables decision-makers to assign numerical values and measure the impact of different factors on the overall system. Quantification provides a more objective and systematic approach to decision-making.
3. Scenario Analysis: Models facilitate scenario analysis by allowing decision-makers to simulate different scenarios and evaluate the potential outcomes of alternative actions. This helps in assessing the risks and benefits associated with different decision options and identifying the best course of action.
Advantages of OR study approach in decision making:
1. Optimization: The OR study approach utilizes mathematical techniques to optimize decisions. It helps in identifying the best possible solution by considering various constraints, objectives, and available resources. This results in improved efficiency, cost savings, and resource utilization.
2. Structured Approach: OR study provides a structured framework for decision-making, involving problem formulation, data collection, model development, analysis, and solution implementation. This systematic approach ensures a comprehensive and well-informed decision-making process.
3. Holistic Perspective: OR study takes into account the interdependencies and interactions among different elements of a system. It considers the broader context and impact of decisions, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions. It helps in avoiding suboptimal decisions that may arise from a narrow focus on isolated factors.
4. Evidence-Based Decision-Making: OR study relies on data-driven analysis and objective evaluation of alternatives. It promotes evidence-based decision-making by considering empirical evidence, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling. This enhances the reliability and credibility of the decision-making process.
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The Copyright Act includes the concept of fair use. The courts decide what fair use is and what fair use is not. To make that decision, the courts will consider all of the following factors EXCEPT:
a. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work
b. the nature of the copyrighted work
c. the purpose and character of the use, including whether it is of a commercial nature or for nonprofit educational purposes
d. the amount of the profits to be earned in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
The courts determine fair use of copyrighted material by considering factors such as the effect on the market and nature of the work.
The answer is d. the amount of the profits to be earned in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole.
The Copyright Act's concept of fair use allows for the limited use of copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright holder. The courts determine what constitutes fair use by considering four factors:
a. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work\
b. the nature of the copyrighted work\
c. the purpose and character of the use, including whether it is of a commercial nature or for nonprofit educational purposes\
d. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole.
The courts consider all of these factors except for the amount of profits to be earned in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole. This factor is not relevant to determining fair use and is not considered by the courts.
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